This study aimed to investigate the seasonal and spatial variations in water quality parameters and determine the main contamination sources in the Shari-Goyain River, an economically important and ecologically critical transboundary river in Bangladesh. Therefore, surface water samples were measured monthly from six sampling sites, where six water quality parameters were evaluated. Data were analyzed by applying the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) water quality index (WQI) and multivariate statistical methods. The results revealed that most of the examined water quality parameters crossed the accepted range, and significant variations were observed spatiotemporally (p < 0.05). Based on the CCME WQI value, the water quality of the river was classified as poor to marginal with a score range between 33.40 and 51.30. This range of values demonstrates that the river’s water quality is far from desirable for aquatic life and that it is being impacted and deteriorated by external drivers. Principal component analysis (PCA) retained two principal components (Factors 1 and 2), explaining about 79.17% of the total variance in the studied parameters and identified acidic pollution sources. Cluster analysis also revealed relative differences in water quality throughout sites and seasons, which supported the CCME WQI and PCA. Finally, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks identified coal mine drainage (CMD) as the main pollutant source in the Shari-Goyain River. Thus, nature-based solutions are proposed to mitigate the CMD impact on land and water, particularly passive mine water treatment approaches through constructed wetlands that could also mitigate the transboundary waters problem.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/6/5218/pdf?version=1679291046

Spatiotemporal Variations in Water Quality of the Transboundary Shari-Goyain River, Bangladesh

It has been calculable that the full variety of all fishes is 32,500 species Considering that fresh could represent but 03% of obtainable world water, it's exceptional that there are quite 15,000 seafood species Whereas marine communities contain a lot of species in total, freshwaters are so much richer per unit volume of environs Here, seafood species occur at one per fifteen km of water (cf one per a 100,000 km¬≥ of ocean water) This reflects the productivity, physiographic diversity and geographical isolation of fresh habitats comprising some twenty fifth of all vertebrates, fresh fishes are a crucial element of world multifariousness Approximately 7,956 of all fish species (30%) are contained inside 6 of the 515 assortment families

A Review on Freshwater fish diversity

The young coal mining pits (young pits) found in West Aceh cause many problems. These pits that form ponds have the potential to be utilized for aquaculture activities. However, the main problem faced in the young pits is the high content of heavy metals. This makes the ponds dangerous for fish farming. Hazardous heavy metals in coal mines are Pb and Fe. Humic acid is one of the materials that can be used to minimize heavy metals and increase water pH. The use of humic acid is more efficient because this technology is easy and cheap and the raw materi - als are abundant. Humic acid acts as a substance of cation exchange ability found in compost. This research has a long-term goal of making humic acid contained in compost as an alternative material that can minimize heavy metals Pb and Fe, so that it can be used for fish farming activities. The specific objective is to determine the best capacity (dose of humic acid) in minimizing heavy metals and increasing the pH of young pond water in former mines and its effect on fish farming. This research method used a completely randomized design consisting of one factor, namely the dose of humic acid (0 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L, 7.5 g/L) and three replications. The results showed that humic acid was able to minimize the content of heavy metals Pb and Fe in coal mine water with the best dose of 5 g/L. The percentage reduction produced was more than 90%. The results of fish rearing using ex-mining pond water treated with humic acid showed that the survival rate and growth rate of fish were higher.

Ability of Humic Acid in the Absorption of Heavy Metal Content of Lead and Iron in Fish Culture Media

Integrate of culture area for seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) and fishing ground for Stripped Mullet (Mugil cephalus) in marine coastal waters

Acidic water from the coal of mining pool has been polluted from the surrounding coal stockpile stocpile industry. Water quality in mining ponds can threaten the biota in it. During this time, coal mining pool the local community uses water extensively for everyday requirements like drinking, washing, and bathing. More than time it turns out that coal mine acidic water has been polluted. This problem needs to be sought a solution, one of which is required treatment technology for creating water quality that satisfies requirements for drinking water quality. This research tries to use NF270 membrane type Nanofiltration membrane technology to eliminate COD, TSS, TDS, and metal parameters (Fe, Mn). This research was conducted by analyzing the influence pressure (4, 5, and 6 bar) on each component’s rejection rate and flux each parameter. The results of the study show the processed results as follows; Turbidity, Color, COD, TSS, TDS, Fe and Mn at pressures 4, 5, and 6 bar of acid mine rejection water values, namely; Turbidity (96.23%; 98.7%; 100%), Color (79%; 98%; 100%), COD (57.9%; 63.7%; 83.19%), TSS (73, 3%; 87.2%; 95.8%), TDS (62.7%; 66%; 70.19%), Fe (36%; 74.5%; 100%), Mn (100%; 100 %; 100%). Acidic wa - ter treatment in coal mining ponds can be turned into drinking water using nanofiltration membranes producing the best percentage of rejection at pressures of 5 and 6 bar. Water treatment with Nanofiltration membrane technology has produced treated water in accordance with drinking water quality standards required by Priest of Wellbeing Pronouncement of the Republic of Indonesia No. 907/Menkes/Sk/VII/2002 and Clergyman of Climate Pronounce - ment the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 492 / IV / 2010 / MENKES / PER. NF 270 membrane can remove heavy metals and other impurities in acidic water by more than 90%.

Processing Coal Mine Acidic Water Using Nanofiltration Membrane in West Aceh

Present paper deals with the impact of coal mining activities on the water quality and fish diversity of Simsang River from 2009 to 2015. Six sampling sites were selected on the basis of affected and unaffected areas of coal mining activities. Certain water quality attributes such as water colour, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, chloride, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and sulphate were analysed along with the assessment of relative abundance of fishes. The estimated value of studied water quality parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen and total alkalinity indicates degradation of water quality due to the effect of acid mine drainage (AMD) of coal mining. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) showed highest concentration of 4-ring PAH and Benzo[a]anthracene was the most important pollutant in the water collected from affected sites. Relative abundance of fish diversity was also estimated less in affected area of the River. A total of 64 fish species under 20 families were collected with highest number in cyprinidae family. The calculated value of diversity indices reflected the declining trend of fish diversity in the coal mining affected areas of the river due to degradation of water quality.

Impact of Open Cast Coal Mining on Fish and Fisheries of Simsang River, Meghalaya, India

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Impact of Open Cast Coal Mining on Fish and Fisheries of Simsang River, Meghalaya, India