Fatal occupational injuries were studied using data from medical examiners' reports in North Carolina for the years 1977-1991. Cases were defined as deaths due to accidents or homicide at the workplace, and populations at risk were estimated from the 1980 and 1990 US Censuses. Mortality rate ratios and proportionate mortality ratios were used as measures of association, and the population attributable risk percentage was used as an indicator of the burden of injury. Standard weights for direct age-adjustment of rates were obtained from the total state workforce. There were 2,524 eligible deaths-83 percent from unintentional traumatic injuries, 14 percent from homicide, and the remainder from other causes. This report focuses on unintentional trauma deaths, which were strongly associated with the wood production, fishing, and transportation industries. Elderly, African-American, and self-employed workers had higher fatality rates than members of other groups. Among male workers, motor vehicle crashes were the principal cause of death on the job, followed by falling objects, machinery, and falls. The industries contributing the largest proportions of these deaths were construction, trucking, agriculture, and logging (population attributable risk percentages were 16.8%, 8.8%, 7.9%, and 6.9%, respectively). The fatality patterns of female workers were different: Numbers of deaths from homicide and unintentional trauma were equal, and 27% of the latter deaths occurred in one catastrophic fire. Decentralized and rural industries were the most hazardous, but many deaths were outside the current jurisdiction of occupational safety and health agencies. These patterns suggest that greater scrutiny of such industries, through both research and intervention, is warranted.

/pdf/fatal-occupational-injuries-in-a-southern-state-4ggyv41dfz.pdf

Fatal Occupational Injuries in a Southern State

This review organizes available data to address current epidemiological understanding of injuries from workplace assaults. We describe the incidence and general populations at risk for fatal and nonfatal work-related injury, and assess available information on risk factors and countermeasures considered important in reducing injury occurrence. Overall rates of occurrence of work-related homicides and nonfatal injuries are estimated, and those factors that appear to be consistent across studies are explored. Much of what is known about occupations at high risk for assaults and injuries comes from a small number of documents and special studies within subsets of workplaces. Unfortunately, the potency of specific countermeasures for prevention of violence-related injury in work settings continues to be largely unknown. Numerous fundamental questions remain to be answered: Critical is a full assessment of risk, identification of situations and circumstances amenable to intervention, and evaluations to demonstrate effectiveness.

https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.pu.16.050195.002035

Incidence, Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies for Work-Related Assault Injuries: A Review of What Is Known, What Needs To Be Known, and Countermeasures for Intervention

This paper describes the types of, and circumstances surrounding, unintentional farm-related fatal injuries involving young and older adults in Australia. Information was obtained from an inspection of coronial files for the period 1989-1992. Around 14% of all farm-related fatalities in Australia during 1989-1992 were of young adults aged 15-24 years and approximately one-quarter were of older adults aged > or = 55 years. Young adults were commonly fatally injured in motor vehicle incidents and in incidents involving firearms. Tractors were the most common agent involved in fatal incidents involving older adults. Intervention measures to prevent fatalities of older adults in agriculture should focus on the safe use of tractors, while for young adults it appears prevention efforts should centre around safe use of firearms and operation of motor vehicles on the farm. Ways to overcome barriers to the use of injury prevention measures in rural Australia should be further explored.

Farm‐related fatal injury of young and older adults in australia, 1989–1992

Occupational injury deaths among females. The US experience for the decade 1980 to 1989.

The specific accident factor of older employees.

Work-related fatal injuries in older California workers, 1979-1985

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Work-related fatal injuries in older California workers, 1979-1985