Photoelectrochemical sensing is an attractive tool for rapid and accurate monitor of chemical and biochemical mole-cules. Compared with conventional analysis techniques, photoelectrochemical sensing exhibits unique technique superiority and has become a hot topic in material chemis-try and analytical chemistry. This review provides an over-view of the important advances in the construction and application of photoelectrochemical sensing in recent year. In the first segment, we briefly introduce the general princi-ple and technical characteristic of photoelectrochemical sensing. In the subsequent sections, we primarily devote to elaborating the typical strategies of design and engineering photoactive materials for improve the light excitation as well as charge separation/transfer to modulate the perfor-mance of photoelectrochemical sensing system. Addition-ally, the current research status of photoelectrochemical sensing with a particular emphasis on the innovative sens-ing devices and detection modes for achieving specific sensing functions is describes in detail with the illustrative examples. Finally, the critical challenges on the journey to achieve real-life applications of photoelectrochemical sens-ing and the viable solutions for solving these problems as well as the future research perspectives are discussed.

Recent Advances in Photoelectrochemical Sensing: From Engineered Photoactive Materials to Sensing Devices and Detection Modes.

Considering the short-term exposure limit of SO2 to be 5 ppm, we first time report that semiconductor sensors based on vanadium doped SnO2 can be used for SO2 leak detection because of their good sensitivity towards SO2 at concentrations down to 5 ppm. Such sensors are quite selective in presence of other gases like carbon monoxide, methane and butane. The high sensitivity of vanadium doped tin dioxide towards SO2 may be understood by considering the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide on SnO2 surface through redox cycles of vanadium-sulfur-oxygen adsorbed species.

Vanadium doped tin dioxide as a novel sulfur dioxide sensor (vol 75, pg 385, 2008)

Dual mode electrochemical-photoelectrochemical sensing platform for hydrogen sulfide detection based on the inhibition effect of titanium dioxide/bismuth tungstate/silver heterojunction

Strong red emission with excellent thermal stability in double-perovskite type Ba2GdSbO6:Eu3+ phosphors for potential field-emission displays

As a new analysis tool, photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors have been widely studied in recent years. However, common PEC biosensors usually require a highly stable light source to excite the electrical signal and an electrochemical workstation to collect and process the signal data, which limited the development of portable PEC devices. Herein, we propose the design of a sunlight powered portable PEC biosensor that uses sunlight as the light source. The sunlight intensity changes over time and weather and results in varied background PEC currents. To eliminate the interference caused by unstable excitation light, the potentiometric resolve ratiometric principle was introduced. Coupled with a miniature electrochemical workstation and a laptop, a sensitive and portable PEC sensing platform was successfully developed. The detection may be achieved under the irradiation of sunlight and will no longer need an extra light source. In a proof of concept experiment, this platform was successfully applied in afl...

A Sunlight Powered Portable Photoelectrochemical Biosensor Based on a Potentiometric Resolve Ratiometric Principle.

The development of cost-effective and highly sensitive SO2 sensors is an urgent task since SO2 causes worldwide serious environmental security and human diseases. Herein, a first photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform for SO2 was constructed based on Ba2+ doped amorphous TiO2 hollow spheres. They were successfully prepared by SiO2 template method before in situ Ba2+ ions exchanging and doping. Before assay, SO2 was oxidized by hydrogen peroxide and generated H2SO4, which was further neutralized by NaOH resulting in the generation of Na2SO4. When it reacted with Ba2+-doped TiO2 hollow spheres, the produced BaSO4 nanoparticles leaded to the photocurrent remarkably decreased due to the photo-induced electron pathways shut down. The fabricated PEC sensor was linear with the concentration of SO42− in the range from 1 to 4000 pmol L−1 with a detection limit of 0.4 pmol L−1. The other conventional species did not interfere in the detection of SO42− in aqueous system and the fabricated PEC sensor was successfully applied in monitoring of SO2 in industry waste gas. It demonstrated good performance including wide dynamic linear range, high selectivity, ultrasensitivity, excellent stability and low cost. This strategy paves a new way for other similar air pollutants.

In situ Ba2+ exchange in amorphous TiO2 hollow sphere for derived photoelectrochemical sensing of sulfur dioxide

The invention discloses a photoelectrochemical detection method of sulfur dioxide. The photoelectrochemical detection method comprises the following steps of cleanly washing a sliced ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrode by using alkaline liquid; preparing Ba doped TiO2 nano hollow sphere suspension liquid, then thinning the Ba doped TiO2 nano hollow sphere suspension liquid for 20 to 40 times, taking and dropwise applying 15 to 30 microliters of the thinned suspension liquid to one end of the ITO electrode, and drying the ITO electrode at a room temperature; moistening and rinsing the electrode by using water, so as to obtain a Ba doped TiO2 nano hollow sphere modified ITO electrode; making the prepared ITO electrode act with sulfate ions of different concentration values; establishing a quantitative linear equation according to the quantitative influences of the concentrations of the sulfate ions on a photoelectric current of the ITO electrode, wherein the quantitative linear equation is used for measuring the sulfur dioxide. The detection method provided by the invention has advantages of being simple, easy to operate, low in cost, high in sensitivity and good in selectivity and is operated at a room temperature, and the like.

Photoelectrochemical detection method of sulfur dioxide

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In situ Ba2+ exchange in amorphous TiO2 hollow sphere for derived photoelectrochemical sensing of sulfur dioxide

Photoelectrochemical detection method of sulfur dioxide