Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of imidazole ring with desirable electron-rich characteristic is beneficial for imidazole derivatives to readily bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. The related research and developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous imidazole-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown the enormous development value. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic imidazole-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.

Comprehensive Review in Current Developments of Imidazole‐Based Medicinal Chemistry

In this tutorial review we discuss imidazolium receptors for anion recognition and recent contributions between 2006-2009 are reviewed according to target analytes, such as ATP and DNA, as well as structural classification, including cage type imidazoliums, imidazolium calixarenes, ferrocenyl imidazoliums, chiral systems, fluorescent or colorimetric imidazoliums, imidazolium cyclophane, nano assembled structures, bile acid-imidazolium, and tripodal-imidazolium systems.

/pdf/revisit-to-imidazolium-receptors-for-the-recognition-of-569k8b5bmv.pdf

Revisit to imidazolium receptors for the recognition of anions: highlighted research during 2006–2009

Imidazolium salts, distinct from their parent imidazoles, are made up of a discrete cation and anion pair, and have found widespread utility as ionic liquids. A lesser known function of such imidazolium salts includes the application of these salts in biological systems, and several areas of bio-applications, including antitumour, antimicrobial, antioxidant and bioengineering applications, will be presented and discussed in this review. The wide-ranging applications and versatility of these imidazolium salts stem from the ease of their structural variation, in which properties such as amphiphilicity, lipophilicity and solubility can be tuned.

Imidazolium salts and their polymeric materials for biological applications

A suitable method for the synthesis of ruthenium(II) arene benzhydrazone complexes (1–6) of the general formula [(η6-arene)Ru(L)Cl] (arene-benzene or p-cymene; L-monobasic bidentate substituted 9-anthraldehyde benzhydrazone derivatives) has been described. The composition of the complexes has been established by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, emission, NMR and ESI-MS spectral methods. The solid state molecular structure of a representative complex was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study and indicates the presence of pseudo-octahedral (piano stool) geometry. All the complexes have been thoroughly screened for their cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and human liver carcinoma cells (Hep G2) under in vitro conditions. Interestingly, the cytotoxic activity of complex 6 is much more potent than cisplatin with low IC50 values against all the cancer cell lines tested. Furthermore, the results of AO–EB, Hoechst 33258 and flow cytometry analyses reveal that these complexes induce cell death only through apoptosis. The comet assay has been employed to determine the extent of DNA fragmentation in cancer cells. A hemolysis assay with human erythrocytes demonstrated good blood biocompatibility of all the ruthenium(II) arene benzhydrazone complexes. These results highlight the strong possibility to develop highly active ruthenium complexes as anticancer agents.

Ruthenium(II) arene complexes containing benzhydrazone ligands: synthesis, structure and antiproliferative activity

A water-soluble imidazolium-based fluorescent chemosensor senses RNA selectively through fluorescence enhancement over other biologically relevant biomolecules in aqueous solution at physiological pH 7.4. Fluorescence image detection of RNA in living cells such as onion cells, HeLa cells, and animal model cells was successfully demonstrated which displays a chelation-enhanced fluorescence effect. These affinities can be attributed to the strong electrostatic (C–H)+···A– ionic H-bonding and the aromatic moiety driven π-stacking of imidazolium-based cyclophane with the size-complementary major groove of RNA.

Selective fluorescent detection of RNA in living cells by using imidazolium-based cyclophane.

Unique X-ray sheet structure of 1,8-bis(imidazolium) anthracene and its application as a fluorescent probe for DNA and DNase

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Ju Woo Ryu

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Unique X-ray sheet structure of 1,8-bis(imidazolium) anthracene and its application as a fluorescent probe for DNA and DNase