The Rise of the Creative Class

Community and Capital in Conflict (CCC) is the result of a 1981 conference sponsored by the Center for Ethics and Social Policy, an agency which brings together community groups and activists, academics, and unions concerned with the deindustrialization of Philadelphia. During the 1970s the city experienced a 14% reduction in its job base as over 130,000 jobs, 80,000 in manufacturing alone, were lost. The deindustrialization of Philadelphia did much to reaffirm its image as a distinctively American city. For throughout the decade just past the nation as a whole lost between 32 and 38 million jobs as a consequence of private disinvestment in American business.

The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment and the Dismantling of Basic Industry

Neo-Bohemia: Art and Commerce in the Postindustrial CityNeo-Bohemia: Art and Commerce in the Postindustrial City, by LloydRichard. New York, NY: Routledge, 2006. $19.95 paper. ISBN: 0415951828.

The mobility of labor and capital: a study in international investment and labor flow

Daniel Aaron Silver and Terry Nichols Clark embark on an ambitious project in their guide to the study of scenes in Scenescapes: How Qualities of Place Shape Social Life. Cities have been reimagined as part of a renaissance of economic growth in terms of their allure in a global marketplace of urban imaginaries. The authors explain how scenes and consumption in scenes shape economic development, residency flows, and politics. With an analysis of cities from all over the world, down to their ZIP code data, Silver and Clark give urban planners and cultural analysts myriad tools for reflecting on how place informs us about where to live and work and how to best organize our communities. Their goal is multifold; one overarching ambition is to ‘‘show how access to scenes empowers people to improve their lives’’ (p. 135). Three factors—the rise of arts and culture, the rediscovery of the urbane, and the rise of a new political culture—give rise to scene effects in contemporary cities. The urbane—’’what kind of place enables me to pursue a life deemed worthy, interesting, beautiful, and authentic’’—illustrates how cultural branding and place identity become crucial (Harvey 1989). Another goal is to move from the literature on the concept of a ‘‘scene’’ to a general theory and practical methodology to study the relationship between certain amenities and lived meaning in place. They aim to bridge the gap between qualitative studies of authenticity in place with the quantitative tools of inferential statistics and the covariance of factors such as self-expression, glamour, charisma, and proximity effects or age. The social attributes particular to a scene are composed of specific, emplaced tenets of value. In the post-industrial landscape of cities, cultural categories, such as ‘‘scenes,’’ take on a more prominent role in demarcating inclusion, group membership, and the identity politics of power. Consumption and lifestyle are overtaking production and identity essentialisms in many people’s lives, and this can be complementary to traditional macro-social dynamics. Scenes, and their dimensions of aesthetic styles of living, represent the character of enclaves that attract residents and fuel power in new political formations in cities. In referring to the phenomenon of the big sort, social clustering has led to these new social formations, and as such, they must be studied with a new lens. Theoretically, the authors suggest that David Ricardo and Alfred Marshall have something to offer concerning the value of land itself in a society that has shifted from production relationships toward the valorization of place. They suggest that Marx, through positing a dialectical relationship between labor and capital, covers over the lasting persistence of the living agency of soil and place in the categorization of value. Contemporary Marxist geographer David Harvey supports their contention that land value plays an independent role in valorizing place. The philosophical basis for the book is the aesthetic disposition of place. This dimension is brought forth through the use of Kantian notions of categories of judgment and Gestalt theory. The idea that the object world of places informs one’s dispositions (‘‘affordances’’) is an important contribution to theory on the cultural effect of place. The authors could have gone a step further to include Actor Network Theory and the aesthetic potential of things on action, but the way they assert that a situated gestural economy of action varies along the lines of aesthetic scenes is a strong one. It is in this way that they conceptualize their idea of a New Chicago School that is both ecological and place based but based on amenities and aesthetics. The broad brush with which they paint scenes is a useful one; for instance, they don’t relegate 716 Reviews

Scenescapes: How Qualities of Place Shape Social Life

How does the metropolis influence population change and amenity development in small cities of the adjacent hinterland? We examine one scenario in five cities of New York state's Hudson Valley, a r...

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cico.12429

Small–City Dualism in the Metro Hinterland: The Racialized “Brooklynization” of New York's Hudson Valley:

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Small–City Dualism in the Metro Hinterland: The Racialized “Brooklynization” of New York's Hudson Valley: