Continuum theory for dense gas-solid flow: A state-of-the-art review

Progress in CFD Simulations of Fluidized Beds for Chemical and Energy Process Engineering

The current study focuses on the laminar flow of copper and copper oxide (
 $${\text{Cu/blood}}$$
 and $${\text{Cu}} + {\text{CuO/blood}}$$
 ) hybrid nanoliquid, considering blood as a carrier fluid in a rectangular domain between two permeable channels. This study may manipulate for the purpose such as the drug delivery process, flow dynamic mechanism of the micro-circulatory system. In the proposed model, MHD and heat source/sink on the flow pattern have been studied. Furthermore, the sides of each channel are permeable, allowing the nanoliquid to escape, filter, squeezing and dilating with a fixed velocity. Appropriate transformations are incorporated to convert the governing partial differential equations and the boundary conditions suitable for computation. The elegant homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to obtain analytic approximations for the resulting system of nonlinear differential equations. The features of flow characteristics such as velocity, and temperature profiles in response to the variations of the emerging parameters are simulated and examined with a physical explanation. The magnetic field plays a vital role in the blood flow and therefore the existing literature has been extending with the addition of magnetic field. Among the many outputs of the study, it is found that the pressure distribution decline with the accumulated values of the magnetic parameter at the center of the flow regime. The augmentation in the temperature distribution estimates the pH values and electric conductivity. Therefore, the $${\text{Cu}}\,\,{\text{and}}\,\,{\text{CuO}}$$
 hybrid nanofluids are used in this study for medication purposes. The magnetic field has an important role in the blood flow and therefore the extending study has been extending using the magnetic field. The heat emission/absorption term is added to the energy equation to maintain the homogeneous temperature for the blood flow. We expect that this work will provide efficient outputs for medical purposes such as drug delivery.

/pdf/mhd-hybrid-nanofluid-flow-comprising-the-medication-through-50vrz4v8no.pdf

MHD hybrid nanofluid flow comprising the medication through a blood artery.

Influence of grid resolution, parcel size and drag models on bubbling fluidized bed simulation

Several discrete particle methods exist in the open literature to simulate fluidized bed systems, such as discrete element method (DEM), time-driven hard sphere (TDHS), coarse-grained particle method (CGPM), coarse grained hard sphere (CGHS), and multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC). The main difference between these methods is in the treatment of particle–particle interactions: by calculating collision forces (DEM and CGPM), using momentum conservation laws (TDHS and CGHS), or based on the particle stress model (MP-PIC). Here, these methods are compared by simulating the same small-scale fluidized bed with the same open-source code MFIX. The results indicate that both modeling the particle–particle collision by TDHS and lumping a few particles in a parcel increase the computation speed with little loss in accuracy. However, the MP-PIC method predicts an unphysical particle–particle overlap, which results in incorrect overall bed hydrodynamics. These results suggest using the CGHS method for fluidized bed...

Assessment of Different Discrete Particle Methods Ability To Predict Gas-Particle Flow in a Small-Scale Fluidized Bed

Numerical simulation and optimization of an industrial fluid catalytic cracking regenerator

Numerical study of a fluid catalytic cracking regenerator hydrodynamics

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes in petroleum refineries, and FCC regenerator is a key part of an FCC unit to recover the solid catalyst activity by burning off the deposited coke on the catalyst surface. In modern FCC units, regenerator is a cylindrical vessel. Carrier gas transports the solid catalyst from the stripper and feeds the catalyst into the regenerator through catalyst distributors. The catalyst is fluidized by the air that is injected into the regenerator through air rings in the bottom part of the cylindrical vessel. A three-dimensional multi-phase, multi-species reacting flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established to simulate the flow inside an FCC regenerator. The two phases involved in the flow are gas phase and solid phase. The Euler-Euler approach, where the two phases are considered to be continuous and fully inter-penetrating, is employed. The model includes gas-solid momentum exchange, gas-solid heat exchange, gas-solid mass exchange, and chemical reactions. Chemical reactions incorporated into the model simulate the combustion of coke which is present on the catalyst surface. The simulation results show a good agreement with plant data.Copyright © 2013 by ASME

Numerical Simulation of an Industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking Regenerator

The low-temperature heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of greigite (Fe3S4)

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Numerical simulation and optimization of an industrial fluid catalytic cracking regenerator

Numerical study of a fluid catalytic cracking regenerator hydrodynamics

Numerical Simulation of an Industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking Regenerator

The low-temperature heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of greigite (Fe3S4)