The Designers' Workbench is a system developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies Consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, to ensure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s) In the principal application discussed here, the evolving design is described using a jet engine ontology Design rules are expressed as constraints over the domain ontology Currently, to capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base This is an error-prone and time-consuming task It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, so we have developed a system, ConEditor+, that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints Further, we hypothesize that to appropriately apply, maintain, and reuse constraints, it is necessary to understand the underlying assumptions and context in which each constraint is applicable We refer to them as “application conditions,” and these form a part of the rationale associated with the constraint We propose a methodology to capture the application conditions associated with a constraint and demonstrate that an explicit representation (machine interpretable format) of application conditions (rationales) together with the corresponding constraints and the domain ontology can be used by a machine to support maintenance of constraints Support for the maintenance of constraints includes detecting inconsistencies, subsumption, redundancy, fusion between constraints, and suggesting appropriate refinements The proposed methodology provides immediate benefits to the designers, and hence, should encourage them to input the application conditions (rationales)

/pdf/constraint-capture-and-maintenance-in-engineering-design-1eeh7c7oep.pdf

Constraint capture and maintenance in engineering design

One of obstacles to do cultivation on red onion and chili plant is overcome pest and disease. Pest and disease attack can decrease productivity and even causes harvest fail that influence toward one of income sources the country. Therefore the diagnose on pest and disease must be done fastly and accurately. Expert system is offered as the second choice after expert on consultation. Using Expert System Development Life Cycle (ESDLC) method, the application of expert system of forward chaining and the rule based reasoning simulation diagnose pest and plant disease giving solution based on the symptoms completed by definitions and pest disease pictures that made for accelerating diagnose. Based on the evaluation on performance system verification step, the application expert system of pest and disease simulation diagnose red onion and chili plant using forward chaining and rule based reasoning also could be a learning system to farmer about pest and disease red onion and chili plant.

Keywords : expert system, forward chaining, rule based reasoning, ESDLC, pest and disease red onion and chili plant.

/pdf/application-expert-system-of-forward-chaining-and-the-rule-5ew4pxyw3w.pdf

Application Expert System of Forward Chaining and The Rule Based Reasoning For Simulation Diagnose Pest and Disease Red Onion and Chili Plant

This paper presents a method for the adaptation of domain ontologies to different contexts and user profiles. It is applied to the modeling of conformity checking in construction. Considering a method we have developed to acquire and represent the expert knowledge involved in the conformity checking process, we highlight the need to reduce the gap between the expert knowledge primary captured in the domain ontology and the end user knowledge. We propose a method to contextualize the ontological knowledge initially acquired and to adapt it to different user profiles.

Adaptation of the Domain Ontology for Different User Profiles: Application to Conformity Checking in Construction

The Designers' Workbench is a system, developed to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, to ensure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company's design rule book(s). The evolving design is described against a jet engine ontology. Design rules are expressed as constraints over the domain ontology. To capture the constraint information, a domain expert (design engineer) has to work with a knowledge engineer to identify the constraints, and it is then the task of the knowledge engineer to encode these into the Workbench's knowledge base. This is an error prone and time consuming task. It is highly desirable to relieve the knowledge engineer of this task, and so we have developed a tool, ConEditor+ that enables domain experts themselves to capture and maintain these constraints. The tool allows the user to combine selected entities from the domain ontology with keywords and operators of a constraint language to form a constraint expression. In order to appropriately apply, maintain and reuse constraints, we believe that it is important to understand the assumptions and context in which each constraint is applicable; we refer to these as “application conditions”. We hypothesise that an explicit representation of constraints together with the corresponding application conditions and the appropriate domain ontology could be used by a system to support the maintenance of constraints. In this paper, we focus on the important role that the domain ontology plays in supporting the maintenance of constraints in engineering design.

/pdf/the-role-of-ontologies-in-creating-and-maintaining-corporate-254wlccgdi.pdf

The role of ontologies in creating and maintaining corporate knowledge: A case study from the aero industry

This article presents a formal analysis of the rule refinement selection problem. There is no satisfactory methodical standard for the optimal refinement of rule bases. Current refinement systems select the best overall rule base refinements out of a set of normal, conflicting, and alternative ones, not by exact optimization procedures but rather by using local greedy heuristics. Within the last decade different research prototypes have demonstrated scientific progress in the development of rule base validation systems. In particular, several rule refinement generators have been tested. However, the optimal refinement of rule bases is an unsolved problem. This paper describes a novel global Operations Research approach to the selection of optimal rule refinements. The problem analysis and the formal description of the optimization are carried out using a well-defined example which is developed in three steps. First, conflicting rule refinements are analyzed. Next, simple alternatives are considered. Then also the optimization with regard to alternative refinement heuristics yielding combinatorial effects termed subsumption and synergy is formalized. The mathematical analysis of the rule refinement selection problem leads to the conclusion that the introduction of a special binary relation termed ONE-OF DISJUNCTION and the use of so-called EITHER-OR CONSTRAINTS enables the formulation of a binary linear maximization problem to be solved by an appropriate Operations Research procedure. Finally, it will be explored how to come up with weighted objective functions and a suitable multi-criteria validation gain calculation. This global optimization of rule base refinement GRSP holds for every refinement selection problem and will yield a more powerful generation of rule refinement systems so that the development time for large and complex rule bases will be shortened.

Optimal refinement of rule bases

Enabling a domain expert to maintain his own knowledge in a Knowledge Based System has long been an ideal for the Knowledge Engineering community. In this paper we report on our experience with trying to achieve this ideal in a practical setting, by building a maintenance tool for an existing KBS. After a brief survey of various approaches to this problem described in literature, we select a domain- and task-specific modelling approach as the most promising and appropriate. First, we construct a domain ontology and a task model for the KBS system to be maintained, as well as a task analysis of the maintenance tool itself. The maintenance tool is subsequently implemented using a two layer architecture which seperates domain and system concepts. Although no full-scale evaluation has been undertaken, we report on our initial experience with this approach and present our conclusions.

/pdf/maintenance-of-kbs-s-by-domain-experts-the-holy-grail-in-1fo3ov8uzy.pdf

Maintenance of KBS's by domain experts: the holy grail in practice

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Maintenance of KBS's by domain experts: the holy grail in practice