It represents a universally applicable attitude and skill set everyone, not just computer scientists, would be eager to learn and use.

/pdf/computational-thinking-ji-suan-lun-de-si-kao-3qvv34ha3s.pdf

Computational Thinking 計算論的思考

Preschool children, robots, and computational thinking: A systematic review

This research focuses on student–robot interaction in the learning environment of robotics education (RE) and attempts to explore how it cultivates students’ computational thinking (CT). Different from child–robot interactions as investigated in the social robot field, student–robot (S–R) interactions focus mainly on the process of interaction between learners and programmable robot kits in RE settings. At a four-week robotics summer camp in China, mixed-methods research was conducted. Forty primary school students and one dedicated robotics teacher participated in this research, while 32 students and the teacher completed all the lessons and data collection procedures of the summer camp. Results indicated that students’ CT skill increased during the summer camp and that the change in their CT skill was positively correlated to the time spent on S–R interaction. Additionally, how three kinds of S–R interaction—programming-computing, observational investigation, and participatory investigation—cultivated students’ CT were found. Moreover, the hierarchy of three S–R interactions and students’ role-shifting in the hierarchy were discussed. Previous studies rarely discussed S–R interaction; however, this kind of interaction should be explored because it provides more information about students’ natural learning process, which might be meaningful to RE practice.

/pdf/cultivating-students-computational-thinking-through-student-34063veckk.pdf

Cultivating students’ computational thinking through student–robot interactions in robotics education

Smart phones, PDA, Sensors, Actuators, Phidgets and Smart Objects (i.e. objects with processing and networking capabilities) are more and more present in everyday's life. Merging all these technologies with the Internet is often described as 'Internet of Things' (IoT). In the IoT vision, Things around us provide a pervasive network of interacting and interconnected devices. However building IoT applications is a long and arduous work, reserved for specialists, requiring specific knowledge's in terms of network protocols and programming languages. The lack of widespread and easy-to-configure solutions is an obstacle for the development of this area. A universal framework, offering simplification and standardization, could facilitate the emergence of this promising field in terms of applications and business. IoT needs a solid foundation for rapid, simple development and deployment of new services. In this paper, we present D-LITe, a universal framework for building IoT applications over heterogeneous sets of small devices. D-LITe offers solutions for deploying application's logic, and executing it on Smart Objects despite their heterogeneity. An implementation of D-LITe on tiny devices, such as TelosB motes, allows to show that our framework is realistic even with the constraints of such devices.

/pdf/d-lite-distributed-logic-for-internet-of-things-services-4ykj35ndn9.pdf

D-LITe: Distributed Logic for Internet of Things Services

Review of opportunistic network: Assessing past, present, and future

Computational thinking is a skill that is considered essential for the future generations. Because of this it should be incorporated into the curricula as soon as possible. An interesting option to work on computational thinking with children is by means of robots. Here, we present Robotito, a robot that can be programmed by arranging its environment, intended to help the development of computational thinking in preschool children. We describe its hardware and software environment, and hierarchical state machines used to implement two modes of interaction with environment-first based on color detection and the second sensible to the surrounding objects. We also present activities that we developed to work on abstraction, generalization, decomposition, algorithmic thinking, and debugging-skills related to computational thinking.

Designing child-robot interaction with Robotito *

During the last years there has been a strong research effort on the autonomic communications and self-management paradigms. Following this impulse, the academic community and the industry have proposed several architectures and techniques to allow network devices to make their own configuration decisions. Those proposals often include resource-expensive technologies such as complex inference machines, ontological modeling and probabilistic prediction that may not be suitable for the most pervasive and inexpensive network-enabled devices. This paper addresses this facet of the autonomic systems introducing RAN. This system aims to be a complete rule-based, distributed system specially designed and implemented to enable autonomic behavior on very constrained devices, such as domestic wireless routers with resources as low as 16 MB of RAM and 4 MB of storage memory. The RAN system was developed to serve the objectives of Rural Ambient Networks, a project that targets the so-called Digital Divide deploying low-cost wireless mesh infrastructure in rural communities. In this context, RAN, in autonomic and distributed manners, optimizes the network configuration to minimize the monetary cost that the community has to pay for using the IT infrastructure. Finally, this work presents an evaluation of RAN that shows how it makes possible to perform sophisticated optimization decisions with a very small overhead in terms of CPU and memory.

A rule-based distributed system for self-optimization of constrained devices

Computational thinking is a skill that is considered essential for the future generations. Because of this it should be incorporated into the curricula as soon as possible. Many robots can be programmed using graphical languages or physical blocks instead of writing code. This makes programming more accessible for the youngest programmers. Looking to extend the programming activities to preschool students, we present a novel approach that allows to program a mobile robot, Robotito, by changing its environment. We describe the architecture of Robotito, software used to program its interaction with the environment, and developed behaviours. Moreover, Robotito exports his sensors and actuators using ROS standard mechanisms and is modelled in Gazebo allowing it to be used in research and undergraduate school courses providing researchers an autonomous and safety mobile platform, which can be integrated with any system using ROS.

Robotito: programming robots from preschool to undergraduate school level

Rural environments of developing countries usually lack of the appropriate communications infrastructure, accentuating the geographical isolation of rural communities. A cost-efficient and service-oriented deployment of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) helps to reduce the so-called "digital divide", improving the productivity and quality of life of those communities. Mobile communications have settled down a foundation for the development of new and rich network applications which are particularly attractive as digital inclusion tools for rural environments, where they can be deployed with comparative simplicity and reduced cost. In this paper we propose the Rural Ambient Network (RAN), an architecture for wireless networks specially designed for digital inclusion enabling global optimization of resource utilization using the Community Cost metric. This architecture uses a policy-based management framework for the integration of heterogeneous technologies in a common network control space. We also present a RAN prototype which uses mesh networking as a key technology; several scenarios involving policy-based decision-making have been tested on this infrastructure. Our early results show that RAN augments the native routing capabilities of the underlying technologies.

Wireless Network Architecture for Digital Inclusion in Rural Environments

Nowadays, it is common to find IEEE 802.11 networks that are deployed in an unplanned and unmanaged manner. Moreover, because of the low hardware cost and, trying to obtain better coverage and performance, a large number of devices are usually installed in reduced spaces causing high-density deployments. This kind of networks experiment several problems related with the shared nature of the transmission medium. In recent years, different transmit power control mechanisms have been proposed to palliate those problems, however, in some situations, the existing solutions can lead to an starvation problem. In this paper, we present a novel mechanism that manages data rate, transmit power and carrier-sense threshold to reduce this problem.

http://www.cnsm-conf.org/2014/proceedings/pdf/36.pdf

Self management of rate, power and carrier-sense threshold for interference mitigation in IEEE 802.11 networks

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