The domestication of dogs likely occurred in Eurasia by 16,000 years ago, and the initial peopling of the Americas potentially happened around the same time. Dogs were long thought to have accompanied the first migrations into the Americas, but conclusive evidence for Paleoindian dogs is lacking. In this study, the direct dating of two dogs from the Koster site (Greene County, Illinois) and a newly described dog from the Stilwell II site (Pike County, Illinois) to between 10,190 and 9,630 cal BP represents the earliest confirmed evidence of domestic dogs in the Americas and individual dog burials anywhere in the world. Analysis of these animals shows Early Archaic dogs were medium sized, lived active lifestyles, and exhibited significant morphological variation. Stable isotope analyses suggest diets dominated by terrestrial C3 resources and substantial consumption of riverine fish.

/pdf/new-evidence-of-the-earliest-domestic-dogs-in-the-americas-3sqroqwi99.pdf

New evidence of the earliest domestic dogs in the americas

Findings of canid remains in graves at different sites in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula are evidence of a widespread funerary practice that proliferated between the end of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC, in particular, in the Early-Middle Bronze Age contexts. The discovery of four foxes and a large number of dogs at the sites of Can Roqueta (Barcelona) and Minferri (Lleida) respectively, stand out among the many examples of these types of grave goods. In this work, we have made an approximation of the relationship between humans and canids through the study of their diet by analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen. These analyses were complemented by archaeozoological, anthropological and archaeobotanical studies. The comparison of human and animal diets comprised a total of 37 canids, 19 domestic ungulates and 64 humans. The results indicate that the diet of the dogs was similar to that of humans, although δ15N values of dogs in Can Roqueta and Minferri are, on the average, 1.4‰ and 1.1‰, respectively, lower than those of humans. The offset between canids and the herbivorous ungulates of each site is not up to the established minimum for a trophic level, which implies an input of C3 plants and human intervention in the feeding of dogs and some of the foxes. Some particular cases in Can Roqueta suggest a specific food preparation, richer in cereals, for larger dogs (probably devoted to carrying loads), and possibly for at least one of the foxes.

Dogs and foxes in Early-Middle Bronze Age funerary structures in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula: human control of canid diet at the sites of Can Roqueta (Barcelona) and Minferri (Lleida)

Předmostí is one of the most famous Gravettian sites in Central Europe. Its fame is based on a unique human assemblage, sadly largely destroyed during the Second World War, a huge mammoth assemblage and a very rich large canid assemblage. It has been shown previously that mammoth played an important role in the subsistence practices of the Gravettian inhabitants of Předmostí. Detailed analyses of the large canid postcranial material were carried out to investigate whether these canid remains can be assigned to different size groups and whether these remains show evidence of being butchered and consumed by humans. Based on defl eshing marks and impact traces on the long bones, it is proposed here that large canids were consumed by the Gravettian inhabitants of Předmostí, thus further elucidating the specifi c human-large canid relationships that existed during the Upper Palaeolithic.

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8551238/file/8551239.pdf

Consumption of canid meat at the Gravettian Předmostí site, the Czech Republic

The enigma of the Předmostí protodogs. A comment on Prassack et al. 2020

In the light of discussions surrounding the social changes attributed to the arrival of the Corded Ware culture in central Europe, here we investigate the economic strategies of one of the cultural complexes of the immediately preceding Late Neolithic. The Cham culture of southern Bavaria is characterised by a variety of economic choices but problems remain in synthesising and combining archaeozoological and archaeobotanical evidence. Using lipid residue analysis from Cham culture pottery excavated at the unenclosed settlement of Riedling, Lower Bavaria, we succeed in identifying a dairying economy at this time. Compound-specific lipid radiocarbon dates are then combined with other samples to provide a formal estimate for the duration of activity at Riedling and the first Bayesian chronological model for the Cham culture as a whole. Although data are currently not fine-grained enough to distinguish between competing models for site permanence, we suggest that the Cham culture pattern fits into a wider central European trend of greater mobility and economic flexibility in the pre-Corded Ware horizon, concluding that key economic strategies previously associated with ‘steppe invasions’ were already present in the preceding centuries. Finally, the demonstrated use of cups for milk-based products, as opposed to alcoholic drinks as previously suggested, leads us to propose possible alternative uses and users for these items.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/B2CD749D7D2676A9829D5D736E15B06A/S0079497X23000038a.pdf/div-class-title-the-milky-way-mobility-and-economy-at-the-turn-of-the-3rd-millennium-in-southern-central-europe-div.pdf

The Milky Way: Mobility and Economy at the Turn of the 3rd Millennium in Southern Central Europe

Des traces de decoupe sur des ossements de chiens domestiques en provenance de 16 habitats d'Allemagne du Nord permettent de constater des fonctions economiques contrastees pour ces animaux. Les traces de decoupe sur les ossements en provenance des habitats implantes dans les regions des cotes de la Mer du Nord et de la Mer Baltique montrent que le chien a frequemment servi de ressource en viande et en fourrure alors que ceux des habitats plus continentaux etaient moins souvent decoupes ou ecorches. Les quantites d'ossements d'animaux sauvages relativement elevees sur ces sites continentaux permettent de proposer une utilisation de ces chiens plutot comme chiens de chasse, bien qu'une consommation de leur viande ne soit pas a exclure non plus.

Die rolle des hundes in siedlungen des endmesolithikums und neolithikums im norddeutschen raum: vorbericht

Conspicuous burials in a Neolithic enclosure at Riedling (Bavaria, Germany) – A selection of individuals?

Stable isotopic ratios from Mesolithic and Neolithic canids as an indicator of human economic and ritual activity

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Die rolle des hundes in siedlungen des endmesolithikums und neolithikums im norddeutschen raum: vorbericht

Conspicuous burials in a Neolithic enclosure at Riedling (Bavaria, Germany) – A selection of individuals?

Stable isotopic ratios from Mesolithic and Neolithic canids as an indicator of human economic and ritual activity