The limits of trust-free systems : A literature review on blockchain technology and trust in the sharing economy

Recently, the world witnessed a significant increase in the number of used drones, with a global and continuous rise in the demand for their multi-purpose applications. The pervasive aspect of these drones is due to their ability to answer people’s needs. Drones are providing users with a bird’s eye that can be activated and used almost anywhere and at any time. However, recently, the malicious use of drones began to emerge among criminals and cyber-criminals alike. The probability and frequency of these attacks are both high and their impact can be very dangerous with devastating effects. Therefore, the need for detective, protective and preventive counter-measures is highly required. The aim of this survey is to investigate the emerging threats of using drones in cyber-attacks, along the countermeasures to thwart these attacks. The different uses of drones for malicious purposes are also reviewed, along the possible detection methods. As such, this paper analyzes the exploitation of drones vulnerabilities within communication links, as well as smart devices and hardware, including smart-phones and tablets. Moreover, this paper presents a detailed review on the drone/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) usage in multiple domains (i.e civilian, military, terrorism, etc.) and for different purposes. A realistic attack scenario is also presented, which details how the authors performed a simulated attack on a given drone following the hacking cycle. This review would greatly help ethical hackers to understand the existing vulnerabilities of UAVs in both military and civilian domains. Moreover, it allows them to adopt and come up with new techniques and technologies for enhanced UAV attack detection and protection. As a result, various civilian and military anti-drones/UAVs (detective and preventive) countermeasures will be reviewed.

Security analysis of drones systems: Attacks, limitations, and recommendations

Any online transaction that involves digital money is a bit of a challenge these days with the rising threats of hackers trying to steal bank details posted online. This leads to the invention of various kinds of crypto-currency, Bitcoin being one of them. The technology behind using the Bitcoin is popularly called as Blockchain. Blockchain is a digitized, de-centralized, public ledger of all crypto-currency transaction/s. Blockchain tries to create and share all the online transactions, stored in a distributed ledger, as a data structure on a network of computers. It validates the transactions using peer-to-peer network of computers. It allows users to make and verify transactions immediately without a central authority. Blockchain is a transaction database which contains information about all the transactions ever executed in the past and works on Bitcoin protocol. In this analysis paper we discussed what is Blockchain?, SWOT analysis of BC, Types of BC and how Blockchain works along with its advantages and disadvantages.

Analysis of Blockchain technology: pros, cons and SWOT

The 21st century has seen rapid changes in technology, industry, and social patterns. Most industries have moved towards automation, and human intervention has decreased, which has led to a revolution in industries, named the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) relies heavily on the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSN). IoT and WSN are used in various control systems, including environmental monitoring, home automation, and chemical/biological attack detection. IoT devices and applications are used to process extracted data from WSN devices and transmit them to remote locations. This systematic literature review offers a wide range of information on Industry 4.0, finds research gaps, and recommends future directions. Seven research questions are addressed in this article: (i) What are the contributions of WSN in IR 4.0? (ii) What are the contributions of IoT in IR 4.0? (iii) What are the types of WSN coverage areas for IR 4.0? (iv) What are the major types of network intruders in WSN and IoT systems? (v) What are the prominent network security attacks in WSN and IoT? (vi) What are the significant issues in IoT and WSN frameworks? and (vii) What are the limitations and research gaps in the existing work? This study mainly focuses on research solutions and new techniques to automate Industry 4.0. In this research, we analyzed over 130 articles from 2014 until 2021. This paper covers several aspects of Industry 4.0, from the designing phase to security needs, from the deployment stage to the classification of the network, the difficulties, challenges, and future directions.

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/6/2087/pdf?version=1646828497

Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things Frameworks in the Industry Revolution 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review

Blockchain Technology has received a lot of attention from both industry and academia due to its decentralized, persistency, anonymity and auditability properties. In this survey, use of Blockchain technology in wide applications area and its implementation challenges have been done. A rigorous search for journal/research article related to Blockchain technology have been reviewed. We have considered five databases to conduct this survey namely Sciencedirect, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, ACM Digital Library and Inderscience are being used. After initial phase elimination 135 research articles are considered in final databases for the survey. Main focus of the survey is to provide a comprehensive analysis on wide applications of Blockchain technology for the academic research community. In this paper challenges in implementing of Blockchian and its associated security and privacy issues have been discussed. For the first time a survey of this type have been done where Blockchain with application and its associated security and privacy issue have been reviewed.

Blockchain technology: A survey on applications and security privacy Challenges

The Internet of Things (IoT) brings together a multitude of technologies, with a vision of creating an interconnected world. This will benefit both corporations as well as the end-users. However, a plethora of security and privacy challengesneed to be addressed for the IoT to be fully realized. In thispaper, we identify and discuss the properties that constitutethe uniqueness of the IoT in terms of the upcoming securityand privacy challenges. Furthermore, we construct requirementsinduced by the aforementioned properties. We survey the fourmost dominant IoT architectures and analyze their securityand privacy components with respect to the requirements. Ouranalysis shows a mediocre coverage of security and privacyrequirements. Finally, through our survey we identify a number ofresearch gaps that constitute the steps ahead for future research.

/pdf/on-the-security-and-privacy-of-internet-of-things-be30p24v6b.pdf

On the Security and Privacy of Internet of Things Architectures and Systems

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is rapidly gaining popularity, not only in industrial and commercial environments, but also in our personal life by means of smart devices at home. Such devices often interconnect with cloud services that promise easy usage and global access. However, managing the balance between trust in the service provider and need for privacy of individuals becomes a major challenge considering automatic exchange of manifold personal information. In this paper, we propose a formal model that establishes a relation between information, privacy, as well as trust, and that automatically maps between these terms while maintaining user control.

A view on privacy & trust in IoT

Trust Management (TM) systems for authentication are vital to the security of online interactions, which are ubiquitous in our everyday lives. Various systems, like the Web PKI (X.509) and PGP's Web of Trust are used to manage trust in this setting. In recent years, blockchain technology has been introduced as a panacea to our security problems, including that of authentication, without sufficient reasoning, as to its merits.In this work, we investigate the merits of using open distributed ledgers (ODLs), such as the one implemented by blockchain technology, for securing TM systems for authentication. We formally model such systems, and explore how blockchain can help mitigate attacks against them. After formal argumentation, we conclude that in the context of Trust Management for authentication, blockchain technology, and ODLs in general, can offer considerable advantages compared to previous approaches. Our analysis is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to formally model and argue about the security of TM systems for authentication, based on blockchain technology. To achieve this result, we first provide an abstract model for TM systems for authentication. Then, we show how this model can be conceptually encoded in a blockchain, by expressing it as a series of state transitions. As a next step, we examine five prevalent attacks on TM systems, and provide evidence that blockchain-based solutions can be beneficial to the security of such systems, by mitigating, or completely negating such attacks.

Beyond the Hype: On Using Blockchains in Trust Management for Authentication

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