The role of physical activity (PA) in minimizing non-communicable diseases is well established. Measurement bias can be reduced via ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) deployed via citizen-owned smartphones. This study aims to engage citizen scientists to understand how PA reported digitally by retrospective and prospective measures varies within the same cohort. This study used the digital citizen science approach to collaborate with citizen scientists, aged 13-21 years over eight consecutive days via a custom-built app. Citizen scientists were recruited through schools in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada in 2018 (August 31-December 31). Retrospective PA was assessed through a survey, which was adapted from three validated PA surveys to suit smartphone-based data collection, and prospective PA was assessed through time-triggered EMAs deployed consecutively every day, from day 1 to day 8, including weekdays and weekends. Data analyses included paired t-tests to understand the difference in PA reported retrospectively and prospectively, and linear regressions to assess contextual and demographic factors associated with PA reported retrospectively and prospectively. Findings showed a significant difference between PA reported retrospectively and prospectively (p = 0.001). Ethnicity (visible minorities: β = - 0.911, 95% C.I. = -1.677, -0.146), parental education (university: β = 0.978, 95% C.I. = 0.308, 1.649), and strength training (at least one day: β = 0.932, 95% C.I. = 0.108, 1.755) were associated with PA reported prospectively. In contrast, the number of active friends (at least one friend: β = 0.741, 95% C.I. = 0.026, 1.458) was associated with retrospective PA. Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of mortality globally, which requires accurate monitoring to inform population health interventions. In this digital age, where ubiquitous devices provide real-time engagement capabilities, digital citizen science can transform how we measure behaviours using citizen-owned ubiquitous digital tools to support prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. 

pdf/traditional-surveys-versus-ecological-momentary-assessments-5b8oe626g2.pdf

Traditional surveys versus ecological momentary assessments: Digital citizen science approaches to improve ethical physical activity surveillance among youth

The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations between physical activity levels and the psychological outcomes of depression and anxiety. In 2022, Hong Kong was still exercising strict measures to control the spread of COVID-19. In this connection, major events and almost all large-scale sports events were suspended. Most recreational facilities were closed and repurposed as vaccination venues. As a result, a reduction in physical activity was expected. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 109 working adults in Hong Kong. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form was adopted as it continues to be the most widely used scale to measure physical activity. Almost a quarter of respondents exercised regularly. On average, respondents engaged in less than an hour’s physical activity per week. Findings showed that even low to moderate levels of physical activity were positively associated with perceived self-esteem and perceived mental well-being. More specifically, self-esteem and perceived mental well-being were negatively associated with depression and anxiety. A full mediation effect between engagement in low levels of physical activity and anxiety was found. Light exercises may ultimately lead to lower anxiety via an indirect effect, with perceived mental well-being acting as a mediator. There was no direct relationship between low levels of physical activity and anxiety. In a similar vein, moderate levels of physical activity may lead to amelioration of symptoms related to depression and anxiety through indirect effects, with self-esteem as a mediator. Apart from engagement in low levels of physical activity, moderate levels of physical activity, such as swimming, jogging, and dancing, which have associations with self-esteem and mental health, could also be considered for attention.

/pdf/mental-health-of-working-adults-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-cb0xmdlb.pdf

Mental Health of Working Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Physical Activity Level Matter?

Resumen: el comportamiento sedentario, es cada vez más frecuente en el ámbito laboral; para el caso de los docentes universitarios en el área de la salud se hace más relevante ya que, de acuerdo a su función, pueden pasar largas horas frente a las pantallas y en sedente, pero a su vez, son los llamados a promover desde su formación, hábitos saludables y acumulación suficiente de movimiento activo. Objetivo: explorar a través de acelerometría el tiempo que se invierte en actividades sedentarias y describir este comportamiento según las características sociodemográficas, antropométricas, laborales y de hábitos de vida de los docentes de un programa de salud. Métodos: se condujo un estudio cuantitativo, observacional con enfoque descriptivo, de diseño transversal. La población de estudio fueron 34 docentes de fisioterapia de una universidad de Medellín laboralmente vinculados en el año 2021. Se midieron características sociodemográficas, antropométricas, laborales y de hábitos de vida. La variable dependiente fue el tiempo sedentario, se usó el acelerómetro Actigraph wGT3X-BT. El punto de corte para conducta sedentaria se estableció en 100 cuentas por minuto (cpm). Resultados: todos los docentes de este estudio son sedentarios. El 26,5% se ubicó entre los menos sedentarios; en el cuartil mediano se ubicó el 44,1%; y casi tres de cada diez (29,4%) se ubicó en la categoría de los más sedentarios. Se encontró mayor acumulación de minutos sedentarios entre las mujeres, solteros, residentes de Medellín y de estrato socioeconómico alto. En el cuartil más sedentario, se acumulan menos horas de jornada laboral 29,5 ± 9,89. Conclusiones: la acumulación de tiempo sedentario puede deberse a un desequilibrio entre la vida personal que involucra los componentes social, familiar y laboral. Es importante que desde los sistemas de bienestar institucional se brinden estrategias y espacios de promoción de la salud, evitando conductas sedentarias en los docentes.

/pdf/sedentarismo-en-un-grupo-de-docentes-de-un-programa-de-salud-2y4iwcvc.pdf

Sedentarismo en un grupo de docentes de un programa de salud de Medellín, 2021

Introduction: Mental disorders (depression, anxiety and stress) cause disability and aggravate various diseases, including diabetes mellitus and its common complication such as diabetic nephropathy. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mental health disorders (depression, anxiety and stress) and their associated factors among the Iranian older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 501 subjects with T2DM and 551 subjects without T2DM were selected by a multistage stratified sampling method from Yazd Greater Area, Iran. Delphi method and experts panel were used for selection of priorities of effective factors. The obtained data were analyzed using the chi-square test and Stata software version 14. A P value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety was 51.9% and 61.9%, among diabetic, 22% and 33.4% among non-diabetic groups, respectively. According to multiple logistic regression analysis results in diabetics group specified female gender (OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.03-3.75), poor sleep quality (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.02-1.15), decreased social support (OR=0.89, 95% CI=0.54-1.68), and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m² (OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.2-5.63) for depression, as well as female gender (OR=2.97, 95% CI=1.5- 5.87), BMI ≥30 kg/m² (OR=2.69, 95% CI=1.22-5.96), and decreased social support (OR=0.87, 95% CI=0.78-0.98) for anxiety as the predicting characteristics. Conclusion: The present research findings revealed a significantly higher prevalence of depression and anxiety in older people with T2DM rather than older people without T2DM. Therefore, appropriate interventions such as screenings and psychiatric evaluations are necessary to diagnose and treat depression and anxiety in this population, especially the females to avoid diabetic complications like diabetic kidney disease.

Prevalence and determinants of depression, anxiety and stress among the Iranian older people with type 2 diabetes

This study examines the convergent validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) for assessing moderate-to-vigorous and total physical activity (PA) in school children. 430 participants (51.6% girls) aged 9–12 years provided valid accelerometer data (wGT3X-BT) and completed the PAQ-C. Convergent validity was assessed using Pearson correlations (r) and Bland-Altman plots. The PAQ-C total score was similarly associated with moderate-to-vigorous PA and total PA (r = .28 and .26, p < .001, respectively). 10- and 11-year-old groups were the only in which the PAQ-C was significantly associated with both accelerometer variables (p < .001). Girls showed higher associations (r = .31 for each, p < .001) than boys (r = .18 and .15 for moderate-to-vigorous PA and total PA, respectively, p < .05). Acceptable measurement bias for all age groups (range, 3.6–7%) was found. Researchers should be cautious when using the PAQ-C to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA in school children. 

Convergent validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C): assessing moderate-to-vigorous or total physical activity?

The International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Short Form (IPAQ-SF) is a globally-used self-report measure of physical activity (PA). Validity evidence exists; none has evaluated the IPAQ-SF w...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1091367X.2020.1847721

Validity Evidence for a Daily, Online-delivered, Adapted Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF)

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Validity Evidence for a Daily, Online-delivered, Adapted Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF)