Deep learning analysis of street panorama images to evaluate the streetscape walkability of neighborhoods for subsidized families in Seoul, Korea

With the increase in the older population, there is a concern for health in older adults. This study aimed to develop a physical exercise program that combined walking and gymnastics for older adults residing in rural areas and to evaluate its effect on their physiological and psychological health and physical function. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Participants were aged 65 years or older, with 94 and 130 participants in the experimental and control group, respectively. The program was implemented for seven months, from April-October 2016. Walking and gymnastics were performed once a week each, for about 60 and 50 min, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test. Results revealed that the experimental group participants displayed improved waist circumference (t = 1.70, p = 0.045), body mass index (U = 4691.00, p = 0.002), depressive symptoms (t = -2.94, p = 0.002), upper limb strength (t = 2.27, p = 0.012), and lower limb strength (t = 3.86, p < 0.001). Therefore, it can be presumed that the physical exercise program was effective and beneficial for older adults living in rural areas. This program is expected to contribute to maintaining and improving their health if implemented regularly in the future.

Effects of a Physical Exercise Program on Physiological, Psychological, and Physical Function of Older Adults in Rural Areas

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of neighborhood environment on elderly people’s walking time and quality of life by measuring their health levels and social networks. To achieve this purpose, the site was selected as the Nokbeon-Dong in Seoul, and analyzed through questionnaires. A total of 206 questionnaires were analyzed using the structural equation model, which can analyze relationships between numerous variables effectively at the same time. Subsequently, analysis through the AMOS 24 program was also conducted to analyze the structural equation model. The study’s results revealed that the neighborhood environment characteristics influencing elderly people’s walking time included crime safety, quality of walking environment, convenience of using health and welfare facilities, accessibility to living facilities, and quality of parks and open spaces. In addition, factors affecting elderly individuals" health levels included quality of walking environment, convenience of using health and welfare facilities, quality of parks and open spaces, and neighborhood characteristics influencing the elderly’s health levels based on their amount of walking. The study also revealed that a higher-quality walking environment, higher accessibility to living facilities, and higher-quality parks and open spaces led to stronger social networks in the elderly population.

The Effects of Neighborhood Environment on Elderly’s Walking Time and Quality of Life : A Case Study of Nokbeon-Dong in Seoul

In this study, nonhierarchical K-mean cluster analysis is used to classify the types of 230 local governments and the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis analysis are used to analyze the characteristics of pedestrian accidents by region types. With empirical analysis of pedestrian accidents, this study suggests improvements of walking environments reflecting local characteristics. Type 1-A (relatively dominant urban commercial areas), Type 1-B (predominantly urban residence) and Type 2 (rural areas) have been classified using nonhierarchical K-mean cluster analysis. According to the results, pedestrian accident rate on community roads was more than 60% for all types and incidence rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. In addition, pedestrian accidents of Type 1-B have been found to occur more frequently than Type 2 in intersections and crossings, while the number of roadside casualties for Type 2 was highest. 본 연구는 비계층적 K-평균 군집분석을 이용하여 보행자사고와 토지이용특성에 따른 지방자치단체의 유형을 분류하고 유형별 보행자사고의 세부특성을 Mann-Whitney U검증과 Kruskal-Wallis 검증을 이용하여 분석한 다음 그 결과로부터 보 행환경 조성사업에 대한 개선방안을 제안하였다. 지역은 행정시와 행정구를 제외한 기초지방자치단체를 기준으로 230개 시·군·구로 구분된다. 비계층적 K-평균 군집분석 결과 230개 지방자치단체는 유형 1-A(상업지가 상대적으로 우세한 도시 형), 유형 1-B(주거지가 우세한 도시형), 유형 2(농촌형)로 분류되었으며, 지자체 유형별 보행자사고 차이 검증결과 9m 미만 생활형 도로의 보행자사고 발생율은 공통적으로 60% 이상으로 도시형에 비해 농촌형에서 발생할 비율이 더 높았다. 또한 유형별로 유형 1-B는 교차로 내 보행자사고 사상자수가 많고 횡단 중 사고 비율도 높은 반면 길가장자리구역 통행 중 보행자 사상자수 비율은 유형 2에 해당하는 농촌형이 가장 높았다.

A Study on the Implementation of Walking Environment Projects by Analyzing Characteristics of Pedestrian Accidents by Local Government Types

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of physical activity and the handgrip strength in the elderly. METHODS Using the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) 2017 dataset, we selected 1,427 participants aged 65 or older who without missing data. One-way batch analysis was used to determine the difference of handgrip strength according to the frequency of physical activity. If there was a difference between the groups, a post-test was conducted to confirm the statistical significance. The repeated measurement two-way ANOVA was performed to test mean difference between groups and measurements, and the effect of interactions between them on the significant level of α=.05. RESULTS The handgrip strength was higher in participants who reported higher physical activity frequency. In addition, the elderly women who participated in the higher moving place physical activity and walking exercise, and the elderly men who participated in the higher resistance training exercise, the handgrip strength was significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS We found that the higher frequency of physical activity may associated with higher handgrip strength in Korean elderly. However, because we did not consider the difference of total volume of physical activity in each group, further study is needed.

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Association of Physical Activity and Handgrip Strength among Korean Elderly

Since walking and physical activity are critical for older adults to maintain their health, it is important to provide neighborhood environments which encourage their walking in daily life. The purposes of the present study were to investigate walking activity patterns of older people in an urban setting and to identify environmental correlates with walking of older adults. This study examined spatial and temporal patterns of physical activities, environmental barriers and motivations, satisfaction levels and demands on the physical environment. In-depth interviews with older adults over age sixty residing in Seoul metropolitan areas revealed that most respondents have a positive perception on walking in daily life, and many of them walk regularly for their health. A primary purpose of walking for older adults was exercise for health rather than transportation. The study result demonstrated that parks and trails were the most preferred places for walking by older adults, and there is an association between frequency of walking participation and access or convenience to parks, traffic safety, and street lights. Most respondents were concerned about traffic safety when they walk in their neighborhoods due to traffic speeds and unsafe streets. Lack of separate sidewalks or benches, stairs and slopes were barriers to older adults` walking habits. This data suggests that the promotion of walking behavior among older adults, some level of public health action, and community support are needed to ensure safe physical environments within communities.

Analysis of Environmental Correlates with Walking among Older Urban Adults

/pdf/analysis-on-the-structural-relationship-between-adaptive-3kpof207.pdf

Analysis on the Structural Relationship between Adaptive Coping, IADL, Social Support, and Suicidal Ideation among older Koreans in the U.S.

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Analysis of Environmental Correlates with Walking among Older Urban Adults

Analysis on the Structural Relationship between Adaptive Coping, IADL, Social Support, and Suicidal Ideation among older Koreans in the U.S.