WiFi-Direct is a recently proposed standard for mobile devices to create ad hoc networks. Its inclusion into the An- droid operating system provides a large user base, making WiFi-Direct a popular protocol in which to build applica- tions. In this paper, we performed an in-depth study of the WiFi-Direct protocol on Android and discovered several limitations, especially when it is used for form groups with more than two devices. We propose WD2, a new group for- mation protocol based on WiFi-Direct that is suitable for larger groups of devices. Our prototype experiments indi- cate WD2 increases the average throughput by 45% over conventional WiFi-Direct, and reduces the group formation time by 250%.

WD2: an improved wifi-direct group formation protocol

Wi-Fi Direct (WFD) has become almost a standard for peer-to-peer networking on smart devices. Typically, WFD allows a user to search for and connect to other devices, which results in creating a group of devices that can exchange data. In certain applications like alert dissemination in disaster areas, it is required to form groups dynamically and to share data across the group boundaries. However, these capabilities are not offered by the current WFD implementations. In this paper, we propose EMC, a novel protocol that allows WFD devices to dynamically cluster themselves into groups and appropriately elect group owners. EMC also allows members of distinct groups to communicate. EMC is validated through implementation on Android devices and through the realization of a chat application.

Efficient multi-group formation and communication protocol for Wi-Fi Direct

The use of smart portable devices has become very popular in the society nowadays. Many of these devices are equipped with sensors that can provide a wealth of information about the surroundings once their readings are aggregated. These capabilities have fueled interest in employing these devices in emerging unconventional applications such as crowdsourcing and vehicular networking, where sensors data is shared for better situational awareness, managing road congestion, coordinating disaster recovery, criminals hunting, etc. Internetworking of collocated devices in these applications enables aggregation of sensor readings and decreasing the demand on the carrier's communication resources, which translate to lower cost, better bandwidth utilization and increased user participation. Wi-Fi Direct is one of the most promising peer-to-peer technologies that can enable such local internetworking of devices. Wi-Fi Direct transceivers are available on almost all new smart devices. However, the software support for Wi-Fi Direct is quite limited. This paper highlights limitations in Android based platforms and presents a framework for supporting formation and management of groups of communicating devices. The proposed framework is validated through the implementation of a chat application over multiple Android based devices.

A framework for P2P networking of smart devices using Wi-Fi direct

Context awareness plays an important role in recent smart environments and embedded interactions. In order to increase user satisfaction and acceptance, these context-aware solutions should be controllable by end users. Over the last few years we have therefore seen an emerging trend towards visual programming tools for context-aware applications based on simple "IF this THEN that" rules. However, existing solutions often do not support the simple reuse of the "this" part in order to define more sophisticated rules. Given that the desired level of control varies among individuals, we propose a unified multi-layered context modelling approach distinguishing between end users, expert users and programmers. Our Context Modelling Toolkit (CMT) consists of the necessary context modelling concepts and offers a rule-based context processing engine. We further illustrate how end users and expert users might interact with the CMT framework. Finally, we highlight some advantages of our Context Modelling Toolkit by discussing a number of use cases.

The Context Modelling Toolkit: A Unified Multi-layered Context Modelling Approach

Recent years have witnessed massive growth in the popularity of smart portable devices. These devices are fully powered with a number of network interfaces, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 4G, etc., in order to facilitate connectivity and enable the realization of computing and reachability everywhere and all the time. However, in areas with degraded cellular services and lack of Wi-Fi coverage, these devices do not allow connectivity to the Internet. Such a limitation can be particularly detrimental in application scenarios like search and rescue during and after a disastrous event, since trapped individuals cannot be reached. This paper presents a new framework for overcoming such limitation by introducing a hot-spot that may be accessible over device-to-device (D2D) communication links. Specifically, Wi-Fi direct (WFD) is exploited to form multi-hop peer-to-peer (P2P) routes to the introduced hot-spot. WFD supports the same speed and range of the normal Wi-Fi without the need of any infrastructure. WFD is among the emerging network technologies that are becoming almost standard on all new smart devices. By exploiting nearby devices, which have Internet access, our framework will enable users to publish contents. Our framework is validated through implementation using Android.

A framework for hotspot support using Wi-Fi direct based device-to-device links

Wi-Fi Direct is a new feature in the 4.0 version of the Android operating system, allowing devices to connect directly to each other via Wi-Fi without an intermediate access point. Based on the Wi-Fi Direct feature, in this paper, we present a collaborative framework named DirectSpace that supports various collaborative situations to resolve the problems of traditional application paradigm such as client-server model. For this, we design collaborative services to support various environments, and develop collaborative protocols for providing workspaces over Wi-Fi Direct. On the top of DirectSpace, we also present a collaborative application for utilizing the group workspaces.

DirectSpace: A Collaborative Framework for Supporting Group Workspaces over Wi-Fi Direct

JCOOLS: A toolkit for generating context-aware applications with JCAF and DROOLS

When developing IoT (Internet of Things) applications, context distribution is a key feature to support effective delivery of related contextual data obtained from things to all interested entities. With the advent of the IoT era, multiple billion devices can generate huge amounts of data that might be used in IoT applications. In this paper, we present a context distribution framework named SCondi utilizing the messaging service which supports MQTT—an OASIS standard IoT messaging protocol. SCondi provides the notion of context channel as a core feature to support efficient and reliable mechanism for distributing huge context information in the IoT environment. The context channel provides a pluggable filter mechanism that supports effective extraction, tailoring, authentication, and security of information.

/pdf/scondi-a-smart-context-distribution-framework-based-on-a-1xbzes9upr.pdf

SCondi: A Smart Context Distribution Framework Based on a Messaging Service for the Internet of Things

A Facebook Page is considered as an essential place for businesses to build connections with people. The page is often used for building up relations with Facebook users through a function called ‘Like’. In this paper, we propose a method supporting digital marketing based on Facebook pages and QR code, presenting a smart phone application developed using the proposed method. The developed application named LiQR provides a function transforming the information of a Facebook page into a corresponding QR code. When a user takes a picture of the printed QR codes with the smartphone camera, the application enables the user to support the Facebook page with the same effect as clicking the ‘Like’ button, providing functions useful for managing the information on the Facebook page.

LiQR: A QR Code-Based Smart Phone Application Supporting Digital Marketing

As people are taking part in more versatile social activities, it becomes more frequent and more important for people to share personal information each other in appropriate level. Unfortunately, although the rapid spread of smart devices and advance of network technologies have brought many applications for information sharing into our hands, they do not provide effective mechanism for sharing personal information on collocated people. In this paper, we introduce an android application named WhoAmI which provides the functionality of sharing personal information on nearby users over Wi-Fi Direct as well as Wi-Fi network environment. According to the predefined access level such as business, community or friend, WhoAmI naturally provides profile information to accessible users. In addition, the information such as music, photo, movie can be effectively shared through the application.

http://koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201408739558928.pdf

WhoAmI: Personal Information Sharing Application over WiFi and WiFi Direct

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