The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Care in Diabetes" includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.

16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023.

Network forensics: Review, taxonomy, and open challenges

Application of the technology systems is growing in various fields and the agriculture is not an exception. Agriculture is also reaping the benefits of technological innovation which helps in quantitative and qualitative food production. Vertical farm, one of the agricultural practices, is considered to be the future of agriculture with the rate of population migrating into urban areas. Ubiquitous computing in agriculture is emerging remarkably in this fast processing pervasive environment, owing to wireless sensor network (WSN). Building a context aware system for the vertical farm is complex without the semantic interoperability between the Internet of things (IOT). In this paper, we propose a vertical farm ontology (VFO), an OWL based ontology model which helps in more understanding of the relationship between the domain factors. With the proposed model, the information from the Internet of things is recomposed as context information and made understandable for the other systems. For the sake of agriculture, we hope that our proposed model will pave great path for the development of smart and intelligent agricultural services.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2013/161495

A Smart Service Model Based on Ubiquitous Sensor Networks Using Vertical Farm Ontology

For cellular communication systems, mobility and limited radio coverage of a cell require calls to be handed over from one base station system (BSS) to another. Due to the limited bandwidth available in various cells, there is a finite probability that an ongoing call, while being handed off, may get dropped. Minimizing the dropping of ongoing calls during handoff is an important design criterion. Some digital cellular systems, e.g., the global system for mobile communications and the IS-136, use mobile-assisted handoff (MAHO), in which a mobile terminal (MT) assists its BSS, and a mobile switching center in making handoff decisions. MAHO requires an MT to regularly report, back to its serving BSS, its current radio-link state [defined in terms of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and the bit error rate (BER)] of transmissions received from neighboring BSSs. Some researchers have suggested that a base station needs to give priority to the handoff calls over the new calls. This requires each cell to reserve a number of guard channels (GCs) to be used exclusively for processing of the handoff calls. Since MAHO makes handoff decisions based solely on RSSI/BER measurements, there is a finite probability that some handoff calls may get dropped due to the nonavailability of free channels in the neighboring cell to which the call is being handed off. Conversely, if a handoff decision is based solely on the availability of a free channel, without regard to the signal quality, it may result in some of the handed-off calls being dropped due to poor signal quality. In this paper, we propose a new handoff technique by combining the MAHO and GC techniques. In the proposed technique, the MT reports back not only the RSSI and the BER but the number of free channels that are available for the handoff traffic as well. This will ensure that a handed-off call has acceptable signal quality as well as a free available channel. The performance of this handoff technique is analyzed using an analytical model whose solution gives the desired performance measures in terms of blocking and dropping probabilities.

https://web.iitd.ac.in/~dharmar/paper/tvt2008.pdf

Combined Guard Channel and Mobile-Assisted Handoff for Cellular Networks

In the real world, reconciling a choice between multiple conflicting objectives is a common problem. Solutions to a multi-objective problem are those that have the best possible negotiation given the objectives. An evolutionary algorithm called Particle swarm optimization is used to find a solution from the solution space. It is a population-based optimization technique that is effective, efficient, and easy to implement. Changes in the particle swarm optimization technique are required in order to get solutions to a multi-objective optimization problem. Therefore, this paper provides the proper concept of particle swarm optimization and the multi-objective optimization problem in order to build a basic background with which to conduct multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Then, we discuss multi-objective particle swarm optimization concepts. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization techniques and some of the most important future research directions are also included.

Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization: An Introduction

Services in ubiquitous agricultural environments could be more elaborate and autonomous by intercommunicating with various sensors and systems, based on the service architecture of the device-to-device or device-to-service. To do that, the situation information that sensors gain from agricultural environments should be recomposed into contexts, which can be understood or recognized by services and devices. In this paper, we propose an OWL-based context model for agricultural environments, which can be used as service execution conditions for various context-aware service applications based on ubiquitous sensor networks in u-agriculture. The proposed context model is based on OWL ontology, which can be easily and efficiently customized in the various fields of agricultural service domains. With the proposed context model, developers can easily implement context-aware agricultural services through idiomatic communication with device-to-device, sensor-to-sensor, or sensor-to-service in agricultural environments. Especially, we hope that the proposed context model can be greatly helpful in the developments of smart agricultural services in the cultivation environments equipped with various sensors such as greenhouse, glasshouse, and vertical farm and so on.

An OWL-based context model for u-agricultural environments

Recent interest in sensor networks has led to a number of routing schemes that more efficiently use the limited resources available in sensor nodes. These schemes typically try to find a path that uses the least energy in order to optimize energy usage in each node. But some schemes tend to unbalance the traffic and energy. To solve this problem, we propose a novel solution, in which we design a gradient field?based approach that accounts for the minimum cost of data delivery, energy consumption balancing, and traffic equalization. We also modify the backoff-based cost field setup algorithm to establish our gradient field?based sensor network, and we provide the algorithm. Simulation results also show that the routing establishment overhead obtained with our algorithm is much less than with the flooding method.

Minimum Gradient Forwarding for Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose an analysis method for mobile sinks in distributed area sensor networks. We use an agent node to communicate with the mobile sink in distributed environments. With the designed strategy, the agent sensor node gathers the appropriate data from general sensor nodes and then sends them to the mobile sink. We study the relation between the agent sensor node and the operation strategy based on the purpose of the mission. Based on the movement property of the mobile sink, network configuration can be modified to adjust the role of the sensor nodes. We provide simulation results of the proposed agent-based scheme for performance evaluation.

Tutorial: Mobile Sinks in Distributed Sensor Environments

In this paper, we propose a method of schoolzone safety to the protection and management of accident and crime of school circumstance that it is increased recently. Hence, sensor network based intelligent monitoring module must be considered for schoolzone safety. It is not simple CCTV monitoring, but it means that the ability extension is proposed to monitor the dangerous situation for the risk management. Hence, this paper proposes the design of monitoring module considering various danger situations that can be occurred around the school.

/pdf/a-study-and-design-of-monitoring-module-for-schoolzone-1y9xp8bjrp.pdf

A study and design of monitoring module for schoolzone safety

It is widely accepted that the coverage with high user densities can only be achieved with small cell such as micro- and pico-cell. The smaller cell size causes frequent handovers between cells and a decrease in the permissible handover processing delay. This may result in the handover failure, in addition to the loss of some packets during the handover. In these cases, re-transmission is needed in order to compensate errors, which triggers a rapid degradation of throughput. In this paper, we propose a new handover scheme in the next generation mobile communication systems, in which the handover setup process is done in advance before a handover request by predicting the handover cell based on mobile terminal’s current position and moving direction. Simulation is focused on the handover failure rate and packet loss rate. The simulation results show that our proposed method provides a better performance than the conventional method.

Position based handover control method

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