Anti-cancer chalcones: Structural and molecular target perspectives.

— The chemistry of transition metal colloids (J. S. Bradley) It was not intended to describe the cluster beam technique together with the generation and the properties of naked clusters. The present book is remarkable for various reasons. The editor has succeeded in bringing the contribution of various authors in a homogeneous form which is important for the reader. Günter Schmid considered the interdisciplinary character of cluster science, summarizing contributions from chemists, physicists and material scientists. The synthesis, physical and chemical properties, and first applications, as well as the structure of these nano-sized particles are treated. The editor recommends the book to scientists, working in research as well as in practice, who wish to gain a fundamental insight into one or more areas of \"the world of small metal particles\". I wish to extend these recommendations especially to young scientists with respect to the \"Perspectives\" of this field (cf. the last small chapter 7 [G. Schmid]); a plenty of prospecting aspects represents here such a lot of innovation that the future of cluster and colloid science can be viewed with great optimism. I wish this valuable and interesting book, inspite of the price, a broad spread.

Introduction to Modern Colloid Science

Silicon (Si) is a trace element, which plays an important role in human bone growth. Si has been incorporated into biomaterials for bone regeneration in order to improve their osteogenic potential, both in vitro and in vivo. Little is known, however, as to how Si ions elicit their biological response on bone-forming cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Si ions on the proliferation, differentiation, bone-related gene expression and cell signalling pathways of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) by comparing the BMSC responses to different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SiO3, while taking into account and excluding the effect of Na ions. Our study showed that Si ions at a concentration of 0.625 mM significantly enhanced the proliferation, mineralization nodule formation, bone-related gene expression (OCN, OPN and ALP) and bone matrix proteins (ALP and OPN) of BMSCs. Furthermore, Si ions at 0.625 mM could counteract the effect of the WNT inhibitor (W.I.) cardamonin on the osteogenic genes expression, (OPN, OCN and ALP), WNT and SHH signalling pathway-related genes in BMSCs. These results suggest that Si ions by themselves play an important role in regulating the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, with the involvement of WNT and SHH signalling pathways. Our study provides evidence to explain possible molecular mechanisms whereby Si ions released from Si-containing biomaterials can acquire enhanced bioactivity at desired concentration.

The effect of silicate ions on proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and cell signalling pathways (WNT and SHH) of bone marrow stromal cells

Melanogenesis is a biosynthetic pathway for the formation of the pigment melanin in human skin. A key enzyme, tyrosinase, catalyzes the first and only rate-limiting steps in melanogenesis, and the down-regulation of enzyme activity is the most reported method for the inhibition of melanogenesis. Because of the cosmetically important issue of hyperpigmentation, there is a big demand for melanogenesis inhibitors. This encourages researchers to seek potent melanogenesis inhibitors for cosmetic uses. This article reviews melanogenesis inhibitors that have been recently discovered from natural sources. The reaction mechanisms of the inhibitors on tyrosinase activity are also discussed.

Natural Melanogenesis Inhibitors Acting Through the Down-Regulation of Tyrosinase Activity

Downregulation of melanogenesis: drug discovery and therapeutic options.

Cardamonin suppresses melanogenesis by inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling

There have been few studies on the factors that determine the overall appearance of emulsions. Optical properties are quite important in determining the perceived quality of emulsion-based products. The overall appearance of an emulsion is determined by the way that it interacts with electromagnetic radiation in the visible region of the spectrum, for example, reflection, transmission, adsorption, and scattering. These interactions are principally determined by the characteristics of emulsion droplets (size, concentration, and refractive index). The present study aims at characterizing the optical properties and rheological behaviors of water-in-oil emulsions, especially macroemulsions. There is a decrease in the absorbance spectra as increasing glycerin ratio in aqueous phase because the difference of refractive index between oil phase and aqueous phase decreased, which improved the transparency of water-in-oil emulsion. The absorbance of linear and branched surfactant emulsions were smaller than that of...

Characterization of Optical Properties in Water-in-Oil Emulsion

A solid‐state emulsion having good spreading properties shows two important transition ranges in the plot of storage modulus (G′) as a function of shear strain when the state is changed from solid to liquid. However, a solid‐state emulsion having lower spreading properties shows only one apparent transition range when the change from solid to liquid state takes place. The result implies the importance of surface properties in the solid‐state emulsion. The first transition range is more important than the second transition range in order to understand the surface properties of a solid‐state emulsion and is called the “surface transition range” in this article. The addition of water phase in the solid‐state emulsion reduces the modulus in the surface transition range by increasing interfacial friction and weakening the matrix. The addition of pigments increases the modulus in the surface transition range by reinforcing the matrix, when there is no water phase in the solid‐state emulsion. When the solid‐stat...

Surface Rheological Properties of a Solid‐State Emulsion

Disclosed is solid cosmetic composition in the form of water-in-oil emulsion. The solid cosmetic composition in the form of water-in-oil emulsion of the present invention includes 0.1 to 2 % by weight of an inorganic gelling agent, 0.1 to 6 % by weight of an organic gelling agent, 10 to 60 % by weight of oil components including volatile oil, 1.5 to 10 % by weight of wax, 1 to 5 % by weight of an emulsifier, 10 to 50 % by weight of pigment components and component 5 to 40 % by weight of aqueous components, based on the total weight of the composition. The solid cosmetic composition in the form of water-in-oil emulsion shows an excellent stability to a sweating phenomenon, as well as an excellent overall satisfaction index for the feeling such as a moist feeling and a very light pasting property due to the easy phase change from a solid phase to a liquid phase during its application, and a finishing effect of the powdery makeup due to the rapid phase change from the liquid phase to powder after its application.

Solid cosmetic composition in the form of water-in-oil emulsion using gelling agent

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Cardamonin suppresses melanogenesis by inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Characterization of Optical Properties in Water-in-Oil Emulsion

Surface Rheological Properties of a Solid‐State Emulsion

Solid cosmetic composition in the form of water-in-oil emulsion using gelling agent