The green Se NPs (selenium nanoparticles) are formed by simple mixing of Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) leaves extract and selenious acid (H2SeO3) solution. This mixture was stirred which gave a dispersion of Se NPs conjugated with W. somnifera secondary metabolites. The work was focused to determine the phytochemical analysis of leaves extract, green synthesis, its characterization and its applications. Screening analysis showed enormous phytoconstituents in leaves aqueous extract and simultaneously, the synthesized Se NPs by FT-IR spectrum confirm the presence of functional groups which were associated with bioactive molecules. The total flavonoid, phenolic and tannin contents in the aqueous extract were found to be 12.74, 40.54, and 156.33 μg/mg respectively. The suspension solution confirms the formation of Se NPs showed (310 nm) by UV analysis. X-ray diffraction study exhibits the amorphous nature of Se NPs. Se NPs were spherical in shape within the diameter range of 45–90 nm by FE-SEM. The intense, narrow width of selenium has high purity and was identified using EDX. The TEM analysis exhibited the amorphous nature of particles. Green synthesized Se NPs were found to possess significant antioxidant activity (IC50 – 14.81 μg/mg) and considerable antibacterial activity on Bacillus subtilis (12 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.66 mm). Antiproliferative effects of Se NPs possess great growth control against A549 cells (IC50 at 25 μg/ml). Se NPs exhibit efficient methylene blue (MB) dye degradation in the presence of sunlight. The present results support the advantages of green method for the production of Se NPs having potential activities. • Withania somnifera leaves extract possesses active phytoconstituents and acts as reducing agents for the preparation of Se NPs and the capping by the phytoconstituents providing stability to Se NPs as evident from FT-IR studies. • The green synthesized metal nanoparticle has emerged at low cost, simpler and better choice than physical and chemical methods. • Green synthesized Se NPs were found to be almost spherical in shape with particle size around 40–90 nm, selenium has high purity and crystalline nature was identified using EDX and XRD. • The DPPH scavenging analysis of the amorphous Se NPs has significant antioxidant activity and serves as a potential antibacterial agent to treat diseases caused by bacteria. • Antiproliferative activity results suggest that Se NPs possess higher growth control against A549 lung carcinoma cancer cells (IC50 at 25 μg/ml) which indicated their potential in medical applications. • The photocatalytic study concludes that these Se NPs have efficiency to degrade MB under sunlight irradiation. Therefore, they can find application in water treatment plants and textile industries.

/pdf/green-synthesis-of-selenium-nanoparticle-using-leaves-2x8u621bdd.pdf

Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticle Using Leaves Extract of Withania somnifera and Its Biological Applications and Photocatalytic Activities

Controlled release of doxorubicin from graphene oxide based charge-reversal nanocarrier

Doxorubicin loaded carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene quantum dot nanocomposite hydrogel films as a potential anticancer drug delivery system

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/7/1/9/pdf/1

Carbon Nanotubes as an Effective Opportunity for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Unique chemical, physical, and biological features of carbon nanotubes make them an ideal candidate for myriad applications in industry and biomedicine. Carbon nanotubes have excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, high biocompatibility, flexibility, resistance to corrosion, nano-size, and a high surface area, which can be tailored and functionalized on demand. This review discusses the progress and main fields of bio-medical applications of carbon nanotubes based on recently-published reports. It encompasses the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and their application for bio-sensing, cancer treatment, hyperthermia induction, antibacterial therapy, and tissue engineering. Other areas of carbon nanotube applications were out of the scope of this review. Special attention has been paid to the problem of the toxicity of carbon nanotubes.

https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/5/2/29/pdf

The Advances in Biomedical Applications of Carbon Nanotubes

As the majority of side effects of current chemotherapies stems from toxicity due to excessive dosing of anticancer drugs, minimizing the amount of drug while maximizing drug efficacy is essential to increase the life-quality of chemotherapy patients. This study demonstrated that the intracellular delivery of amide linked doxorubicin on carbon nanotube can nullify the efflux of cancer cells by achieving prolonged endolysosome delivery and can induce burst release of doxorubicin in an acidic hydrolase environment and, ultimately, can reduce the amount of anticancer drug by 10-fold compared to conventional effective drug dose. The clearance of accumulated carbon nanotubes in the liver was observed after 4 weeks, and analysis of liver toxicity markers showed no significant changes in GOT and GPT levels and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines across both short- and long-term periods.

Nullifying tumor efflux by prolonged endolysosome vesicles: development of low dose anticancer-carbon nanotube drug.

Mercury is a well-recognized health hazard and a deleterious environmental contaminant. Exposure to mercury can cause neurotoxic manifestations, nephrotoxicity, and immune function alterations; however, the mechanisms and related proteins responsible for these effects are still unclear. Our goal is to understand the relationship between the toxicity of mercury and the proteins affected by this toxic heavy metal and to define biomarkers for mercury intoxication. Two different forms of mercury, organic methylmercury or inorganic mercury sulfide, were orally administered to the mice for 4 weeks. To reduce complexity of the serum proteome, we enriched glycoproteins from mice serum with lectin concanavalin A resin, and the tryptic peptides of the purified glycoproteins were subjected to nanoultra performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole time-of-flight for identification and label-free quantification. In this study, we characterized approximately 209 proteins from mice serum, and, among them, 21 proteins were differentially expressed in organic methylmercury-treated mice serum compared with the control group. Two proteins, serum amyloid P component (SAP) and inter α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITI-H4), were upregulated in organic methylmercury-treated mice and confirmed with different doses of both types of mercury by Western blot analysis. Results of immunohistochemistry also confirmed the validity of SAP and ITI-H4 as biomarker candidates for organic methylmercury exposure. Findings of this study may assist in understanding the relationship between toxicity of mercury and upregulated proteins in mouse serum. Furthermore, the proteins identified here might be used as biomarker candidates in mercury intoxication.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1091581813504969

Identification of potential serum biomarkers in mercury-treated mice using a glycoproteomic approach.

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Nullifying tumor efflux by prolonged endolysosome vesicles: development of low dose anticancer-carbon nanotube drug.

Identification of potential serum biomarkers in mercury-treated mice using a glycoproteomic approach.