This paper provides an overview of recent advances in research on the interfacial characteristics of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites. The state of knowledge about the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes as well as the interaction at the interface between the carbon nanotube and the polymer matrix is presented. The primary focus of this paper is on identifying the fundamental relationship between nanocomposite properties and interfacial characteristics. The progress, remaining challenges, and future directions of research are discussed. The latest developments of both microscopy and scattering techniques are reviewed, and their respective strengths and limitations are briefly discussed. The main methods available for the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes are summarized, and particular interest is given to evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. The critical issues related to the interaction at the interface are discussed, and the important techniques for improving the properties of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites are introduced. Additionally, the mechanism responsible for the interfacial interaction at the molecular level is briefly described. Furthermore, the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites are discussed separately, and their influencing factors are briefly introduced. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities for efficiently translating the remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes to polymer matrices are summarized in the hopes of facilitating the development of this emerging area. Potential topics of oncoming focus are highlighted, and several suggestions concerning future research needs are also presented.

/pdf/a-review-of-the-interfacial-characteristics-of-polymer-2xw2lbq2se.pdf

A review of the interfacial characteristics of polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes

The human population is generally subjected to diverse pollutants and contaminants in the environment like those in the air, soil, foodstuffs, and drinking water. Therefore, the development of novel purification techniques and efficient detection devices for pollutants is an important challenge. To date, experts in the field have designed distinctive analytical procedures for the detection of pollutants including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. While the mentioned procedures enjoy high sensitivity, they suffer from being laborious, expensive, require advanced skills for operation, and are inconvenient to deploy as a result of their massive size. Therefore, in response to the above-mentioned limitations, electrochemical sensors are being developed that enjoy robustness, selectivity, sensitivity, and real-time measurements. Considerable advancements in nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensor platforms have helped to generate new technologies to ensure environmental and human safety. Recently, investigators have expanded considerable effort to utilize polymer nanocomposites for building the electrochemical sensors in view of their promising features such as very good electrocatalytic activities, higher electrical conductivity, and effective surface area in comparison to the traditional polymers. Herein, the first section of this review briefly discusses the most important methods for polymer nanocomposites synthesis, such as in situ polymerization, direct mixing of polymer and nanofillers (melt-mixing and solution-mixing), sol–gel, and electrochemical methods. It then summarizes the current utilization of polymer nanocomposites for the preparation of electrochemical sensors as a novel approach for monitoring and detecting environmental pollutants which include heavy metal ions, pesticides, phenolic compounds, nitroaromatic compounds, nitrite, and hydrazine in different mediums. Finally, the current challenges and future directions for the polymer nanocomposites-based electrochemical sensing of environmental pollutants are outlined.

Recent Developments in Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Environmental Pollutants

Carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have become the most promising materials in biomedical, electronic and aerospace applications. When added to polymers, they can enhance the properties and the utility of the polymers to a large extent. This is because of their superior thermo-mechanical and electrical properties which can be effectively transferred to the resulting composites with their proper dispersion in the polymer matrix. But the uniform dispersion of CNTs in various polymer matrices is the major challenge faced by scientists. This paper critically reviews the different chemical strategies adopted for grafting polymers onto the CNTs which ultimately leads to better polymer-filler interaction and optimum filler dispersion for the development of high-performance polymer nanocomposites. This review also discusses the synthesis, properties, and applications of polymer grafted CNTs and their composites.

Polymer grafted carbon nanotubes—Synthesis, properties, and applications: A review

Nanotechnology applications for electrical transformers—A review

Herein, we have fabricated a series of immiscible blend nanocomposites based on polycarbonate/polypropylene (PC/PP) by uniformly dispersing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via a melt mixing technique. The effect of polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) as a compatibilizer has played a pivotal role in reducing the interfacial tension and thereby enhancing the attenuation performance of PC/PP blends. The substantial effect of compatibilization on the dispersion of MWCNTs has resulted in higher conductivity values of 0.33 S cm–1, which is a major requirement for designing EM shields. Nevertheless, both the uncompatibilized and compatibilized blend nanocomposites have shown viscoelastic phase separation processes. The percolation networks of MWCNTs in compatibilized PC/PP blends were clearly observed using a high resolution transmission electron microscope. There was also a remarkable 5-fold decrease in the percolation threshold and 2.5 fold increase in total shielding effectiveness (54.78 dB) ...

Excellent Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and High Electrical Conductivity of Compatibilized Polycarbonate/Polypropylene Carbon Nanotube Blend Nanocomposites

This review is focused on carbon nanotube (CNT)-elastomeric polymer nanocomposites, which have attracted industrial and academic interest over the years due to their enhanced properties. Major factors notably CNT type, surface modification, dispersion of CNT, and processing techniques that affect the physical properties of CNT-elastomeric polymer nanocomposites are reviewed, and several key physical properties, including tensile, electrical, and thermal properties, were also included in this review. Some of the key challenges that undermine the effectiveness of CNTs and their composites with elastomeric polymers, and the potential applications of CNT-elastomeric composites are also captured.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19475411.2015.1121632

Carbon nanotube-reinforced elastomeric nanocomposites: a review

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Carbon nanotube-reinforced elastomeric nanocomposites: a review