Advanced smart structures flight experiments for precision spacecraft

This paper describes the development and capabilities of ELITE-3, a product that incorporates piezoelectric actuators to provide ultrastable work surfaces for very high resolution wafer production, metrology, microscopy, and other applications. The electromechanical, electronic, and software/firmware parts of the ELITE-3 active workstation are described, with an emphasis on considerations relating to the piezoelectric transducers. Performance of the system and its relation to the smart materials is discussed. As the floor beneath a vibration-sensitive instrument supported by ELITE-3 moves, piezoelectrics are controlled to minimize the motion of the instrument. A digital signal processor (DSP) determines the appropriate signals to apply to the actuators. A PC-based interface allows reprogramming of control algorithms and resetting of other parameters within the firmware. The modular product allows incorporation of vibration isolator, actuator and sensor modules into original equipment manufacturer (OEM) products. Alternatively, a workstation can be integrated as an integrated standalone system. The paper describes the system architecture, overall approach to vibration isolation, and various system components, and summarizes motivations for key design approaches.

ELITE-3 Active Vibration Isolation Workstation

On-orbit jitter control in momentum actuators using a three-flywheel system

On-Orbit Active Vibration Isolation: The Satellite Ultraquiet Isolation Technologies Experiment (SUITE)

Active counter-force control has significant advantages over the more traditional motion based active vibration suppression for isolation of disturbance sources. In this paper, features of four specific actuators, two hybrid isolation struts, and three system level realizations are reviewed with a focus on vibration isolation/suppression to reduce cryocooler disturbance forces. All of the discussed hardware and systems are based on electromagnetic reaction mass actuators. Significant vibration reductions can be achieved with such systems. The best measured tonal performance for all three systems discussed exceeds two orders of magnitude (40 dB) of vibration reduction. Control bandwidth can exceed 500 Hz. The necessary actuators are also robust, compact, and lightweight. Two of the systems were realized with miniature actuators weighing 3.8 ounces (107 grams) and 3.12 ounces (88 grams) respectively. Such systems have significant promise for addressing critical vibration isolation needs for upcoming space missions such as SIM, NGST, TPF, SBL, etc., through isolation of on-orbit noise sources such as cryocoolers and reaction wheels. They could also be quite useful for terrestrial applications in telecommunication, manufacturing, and semiconductor processing industries.

Active/passive counter-force vibration control and isolation systems

Spacecraft carry instruments and sensors that gather information from distant points, for example, from the Earth's surface several hundred kilometers away. Small vibrations on the spacecraft can reduce instrument effectiveness significantly. Vibration isolation system are one means of minimizing the jitter of sensitive instruments. This paper describes one such system, the Satellite Ultraquiet Isolation Technology Experiment (SUITE). SUITE is a piezoelectric-based technology demonstration scheduled to fly in 2000 on PICOSat, a microsatellite fabricated by Surrey Satellite Technology, Ltd. Control from the ground station is planned for the first year after launch. SUITE draws on technology from previous research programs as well as a commercial piezoelectric vibration isolation system. The paper details the features of SUITE, with particular emphasis on the active hexapod assembly. A description of the PICOSat spacecraft and the other considerations preceding the development of the flight hardware begins the paper. Experimental goals are listed. The mechanical and electromechanical construction of the SUITE hexapod assembly is described, including the piezoelectric actuators, motion sensors, and electromagnetic actuators. The data control system is also described briefly, including the digital signal processor and spacecraft communication. The main features of the software used for real-time control and the supporting Matlab software used for control system development and data processing are summarized.

Satellite ultraquiet isolation technology experiment (SUITE): electromechanical subsystems

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Satellite ultraquiet isolation technology experiment (SUITE): electromechanical subsystems