Microwave pyrolysis for valorisation of horse manure biowaste

Combining bioenergy land use with biochar production could represent a win-win management strategy to increase energy production whilst reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, a fuller understanding of the effects that these changes in land use and soil amendment could have on soil biodiversity and processes is needed. We performed a 2-year field experiment to determine the consequences of adding three different amounts of biochar (10 t ha−1, 25 t ha−1 and 50 t ha−1) to a commercial Miscanthus bioenergy plantation on soil invertebrate community structure and abundances of enchytraeids, collembolans, mites and earthworms. We also used stable isotope analyses to determine shifts in feeding preferences and to quantify C assimilation by those soil organisms most likely to be affected by soil amendments (i.e. soil ingesters: earthworms and enchytraeids). Results showed that biochar additions to the soil had a negative effect on larger-sized soil fauna (earthworms) significantly reducing their population sizes and species richness whereas, in contrast, mesofauna appeared to benefit from the input of the biochar. Although significant assimilation of new C by anecic earthworms was observed, it was clearly insufficient to support population growth and, more importantly, the dominant ecological group in these agricultural soils (endogeics) showed the lowest assimilation values. These results indicate that biochar additions might result in the loss of some of the ecosystem services provided by earthworms, an important concern in these intensively managed agricultural soils. Finally, our findings highlight the need for more field research at species level to fully elucidate the mechanisms driving the biological responses to these types of ecosystem management.

Contrasting responses of macro- and meso-fauna to biochar additions in a bioenergy cropping system.

The dynamic price increases of fertilizers and the generation of organic waste are currently global issues. The growth of the population has led to increased production of solid municipal waste and a higher demand for food. Food production is inherently related to agriculture and, to achieve higher yields, it is necessary to replenish the soil with essential minerals. A synergistic approach that addresses both problems is the implementation of the composting process, which aligns with the principles of a circular economy. Food waste, green waste, paper waste, cardboard waste, and animal manure are promising feedstock materials for the extraction of valuable compounds. This review discusses key factors that influence the composting process and compares them with the input materials' parameters. It also considers methods for optimizing the process, such as the use of biochar and inoculation, which result in the production of the final product in a significantly shorter time and at lower financial costs. The applications of composts produced from various materials are described along with associated risks. In addition, innovative composting technologies are presented. 

Composting municipal solid waste and animal manure in response to the current fertilizer crisis - a recent review.

Abiotic stresses from potentially toxic elements (PTEs) have devastating impacts on health and survival of all living organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Moreover, because of the rapid growing industrial activities together with the natural processes, soil contamination with PTEs has pronounced, which required an emergent intervention. In fact, several chemical and physical techniques have been employed to overcome the negative impacts of PTEs. However, these techniques have numerous drawback and their acceptance are usually poor as they are high cost, usually ineffectiveness and take longer time. In this context, bioremediation has emerged as a promising approach for reclaiming PTEs-contaminated soils through biological process using bacteria, fungus and plants solely or in combination. Here, we comprehensively reviews and critically discusses the processes by which microorganisms and hyperaccumulator plants extract, volatilize, stabilize or detoxify PTEs in soils. We also established a multi-technology repair strategy through the combination of different strategies, such as the application of biochar, compost, animal minure and stabilized digestate for stimulation of PTE remediation by hyperaccumulators plants species. The possible use of remote sensing of soil in conjunction with geographic information system (GIS) integration for improving soil bio-remediation of PTEs was discussed. By synergistically combining these innovative strategies, the present review will open very novel way for cleaning up PTEs-contaminated soils. 

Recent progress on emerging technologies for trace elements-contaminated soil remediation

Pyrolysis temperature changes the physicochemical characteristics of water hyacinth-based biochar as a potential soil amendment

Biochar, a carbon-rich by-product of biomass pyrolysis, is widely recognized as a potential ingredient for soil amendment, fertility, and carbon sequestration owing to its favorable physico...

Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochars Derived From Corn, Hardwood, Miscanthus, and Horse Manure Biomasses

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochars Derived From Corn, Hardwood, Miscanthus, and Horse Manure Biomasses