The Industrious Revolution by Jan de Vries

1. Introduction 2. Fear, interest and honor 3. The spirit and its expression 4. The ancient world 5. Medieval Europe 6. From Sun King to Revolution 7. Imperialism and World War I 8. World War II 9. Hitler to Bush and beyond 10. General findings and conclusions.

/pdf/a-cultural-theory-of-international-relations-4bpcaeiy8z.pdf

A Cultural Theory of International Relations

Payments between families at the time of marriage existed during the history of most developed countries and are currently pervasive in many areas of the developing world. These payments can be substantial enough to affect the welfare of women and a society's distribution of wealth. Recent estimates document transfers per marriage amounting to six times the annual household income in South Asia (Rao, 1993), and four times in sub-Saharan Africa (Dekker and Hoogeveen, 2002). This paper first establishes some basic facts about the prevalence and magnitude of marriage payments. It then discusses how such patterns vary across countries depending upon economic conditions, societal structures, institutions, and family characteristics. Such payments have also evolved within societies over time. For example, in some periods such payments have risen sharply. In some cases, payments have shifted from the grooms' sides to the brides', and vice versa. Also, property rights over such payments have sometimes shifted between marrying partners and parental generations. Economists, who have only recently begun to work on the topic, have focused on explaining these facts. The second part of the paper addresses this economic literature. Though considerable insight into many of the facts has been gained, many of the existing economic explanations are weakly convincing, and many puzzles remain. One crucial difficulty is that solid data in this field have been extremely rare. The descriptions of marriage payments in this paper are synthesized from a patchwork of studies across periods, places, and even epochs, and there are doubtless numerous cases which remain undocumented. Thus, the paper

/pdf/the-economics-of-dowry-and-brideprice-45qmm2n0te.pdf

The Economics of Dowry and Brideprice

1. The transformation of consumer desire in the long eighteenth century 2. The origins of the Industrious Revolution 3. The Industrious Revolution: the supply of labor 4. The Industrious Revolution: consumer demand 5. The breadwinner-homemaker household 6. A second Industrious Revolution? Appendix I.

The industrious revolution: consumer behavior and the household economy, 1650 to the present

In contrast to most dowry‐oriented societies in which payments have declined with modernization, those in India have undergone significant inflation over the last five decades This paper explains the difference between these two experiences by focusing on the role played by caste The theoretical model contrasts caste‐ and non‐caste‐based societies: in the former, there exists an inherited component to status (caste) that is independent of wealth, and in the latter, wealth is the primary determinant of status Modernization is assumed to involve two components: increasing average wealth and increasing wealth dispersion within status (or caste) groups The paper shows that, in caste‐based societies, the increases in wealth dispersion that accompany modernization necessarily lead to increases in dowry payments, whereas in non‐caste‐based societies, increased dispersion has no real effect on dowry payments and increasing average wealth causes the payments to decline

https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/367679

Why Dowry Payments Declined with Modernization in Europe but Are Rising in India

Aristocratic experience and the origins of modern culture

This study explores a crucial moment in the history of European selfhood. During the 17th century, French nobles began to understand their lives in terms of personal histories and inner qualities, rather than as the products of tradition and inheritance. This preoccupation with the self accompanied a critical view of society, monarchy and Christian teachings. It also shaped a new understanding of political realities and personal relations. Drawing from a combination of memoirs, literary works and archival sources, Jonathan Dewald offers a new understanding of aristocratic sensibilities. In detailed fashion, he explores the nobles' experience of war, career, money, family, love and friendship. In all of these areas, nobles felt a gap between social expectations and personal needs; in the 17th century this tension became increasingly oppressive. Modern French culture, Dewald argues, emerged from this conflict between tradition and the individual's inner life.

Aristocratic Experience and the Origins of Modern Culture: France, 1570-1715

Formation of a Provincial Nobility: The Magistrates of the Parlement of Rouen, 1499-1610

Europe 1450 to 1789: encyclopedia of the early modern world , Europe 1450 to 1789: encyclopedia of the early modern world , کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن آوری اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)

Europe 1450 to 1789: encyclopedia of the early modern world

IT REQUIRES NO SPECIAL HISTORICAL THEORY to view the seventeenth century-with its wars, assassinations, plagues, and rebellions-as an age of plural crises. But it is another story to speak of these multiple events as somehow linked, manifestations of a single European or even global crisis. Locating such linkages and defining their nature have been the central issues in debate over "the general crisis of the seventeenth century," a discussion that began some seventy years ago and remains lively today. Astonishingly lively, in fact: a recent bibliography lists ninety-nine works on the topic, the earliest from 1954, and twenty-four of them have appeared since 1990.1 Why this startling longevity? One approach to that question is to examine how ideas about a seventeenth-century crisis have functioned within two historiographical traditions: on the one hand, that deriving from Anglo-American social science, Marxist and non-Marxist alike; on the other, that associated with the French Annales school. Of course, these are only two of the numerous forms that historical thought has taken over the last century, but each has had a disproportionately powerful influence on historical practices worldwide, suggesting research topics and methods that historians in a variety of other circumstances have taken up. The idea of a general crisis played an important role in the development of each tradition; and in each it has resisted disappearing "into the limbo of forgotten historiography" (H. G. Koenigsberger's prediction for it in 1984) because it raises basic issues about the history of Europe and of the wider world. At the center of the debate are questions about preconditions for Europe's eighteenthand nineteenth-century successes, notably its industrialization and imperial expansion. What happened in earlier years, the participants have been asking, to position Europe for the global domination it would enjoy into the mid-twentieth century? The concept of a seventeenth-century crisis has endured, in short, less because of what it says about specific events in the early modern period than as an effort to understand European modernity, economic, po-

Crisis, Chronology, and the Shape of European Social History

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