Any detailed study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with nanoscale systems is limited by diffraction effects in classical optical systems. Near-field microscopy extends conventional imaging beyond this self-imposed barrier and is used to perform microscopy and spectroscopy with ultra-high spatial resolution. In this article we will discuss the use of the enhanced electric field created at the apex of a sharp laser-irradiated metal tip as a means of producing a truly nanoscale light source. This confined light source can be used to excite locally vibrational modes along carbon nanotubes or to investigate surface charge oscillations in optically resonant nanoparticles. We report the use of such a technique to demonstrate localized photofluorescence and Raman imaging with sub 20 nm spatial resolution.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1464-4258/8/4/S24/pdf

Near-field photonics: tip-enhanced microscopy and spectroscopy on the nanoscale

Recent progress of nano-technology with NSOM.

NSOM/QD-based nanoscale immunofluorescence imaging of antigen-specific T-cell receptor responses during an in vivo clonal Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell expansion

A nanometer scale optical view on the compartmentalization of cell membranes.

Advanced characterisation techniques for nanostructured materials in biomedical applications

We report a near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) probe that enables high-resolution imaging of living cells under physiological buffered conditions. The hybrid design combines a conventional fiber optic near-field probe with a standard atomic force microscopy cantilever. Imaging of fluorescent latex spheres suspended in an acetate matrix demonstrates the subdiffraction limited fluorescence and topography capabilities of the tips. The reduced spring constant of the hybrid tip is also shown to be amenable to measurements on living cells. NSOM fluorescence and topography measurements on living human arterial smooth muscle cells under buffered conditions are demonstrated.

/pdf/hybrid-near-field-scanning-optical-microscopy-tips-for-live-3bpd2wcx4w.pdf

Hybrid near-field scanning optical microscopy tips for live cell measurements

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Hybrid near-field scanning optical microscopy tips for live cell measurements