BackgroundThe pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis remains largely elusive, although some microorganisms, including Gardnerella vaginalis, are suspected of playing a role in the etiology of this disorder. Recently culture-independent analysis of microbial ecosystems has proven its efficacy in characterizing the diversity of bacterial populations. Here, we report on the results obtained by combining culture and PCR-based methods to characterize the normal and disturbed vaginal microflora.ResultsA total of 150 vaginal swab samples from healthy women (115 pregnant and 35 non-pregnant) were categorized on the basis of Gram stain of direct smear as grade I (n = 112), grade II (n = 26), grade III (n = 9) or grade IV (n = 3). The composition of the vaginal microbial community of eight of these vaginal swabs (three grade I, two grade II and three grade III), all from non-pregnant women, were studied by culture and by cloning of the 16S rRNA genes obtained after direct amplification. Forty-six cultured isolates were identified by tDNA-PCR, 854 cloned 16S rRNA gene fragments were analysed of which 156 by sequencing, yielding a total of 38 species, including 9 presumptively novel species with at least five species that have not been isolated previously from vaginal samples. Interestingly, cloning revealed that Atopobium vaginae was abundant in four out of the five non-grade I specimens. Finally, species specific PCR for A. vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis pointed to a statistically significant co-occurrence of both species in the bacterial vaginosis samples.ConclusionsAlthough historically the literature regarding bacterial vaginosis has largely focused on G. vaginalis in particular, several findings of this study – like the abundance of A. vaginae in disturbed vaginal microflora and the presence of several novel species – indicate that much is to be learned about the composition of the vaginal microflora and its relation to the etiology of BV.

Cloning of 16S rRNA genes amplified from normal and disturbed vaginal microflora points to a strong assocation between Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis

Committee Reports and/or Recommendations: Combined EMS Committee and Air Medical Committee Pete Wolf and Shirley Scholz, Chairs Air Medical Committee Shirley Scholtz, Chair EMS Committee Pete Wolf, Chair Education Committee Jodie Harbert III, Chair Injury Prevention Committee Gary Kesling, Ph.D, Chair Medical Directors Committee Steven Ellerbe, DO, Chair Pediatric Committee Joan Shook, MD, Chair Stroke Committee J. Neal Rutledge MD, Chair Trauma Systems Committee Ronny Stewart, MD, Chair

Texas department of state health services (dshs) governor’s ems and trauma advisory council (getac) meeting agenda

Biotransformation of doxycycline by Brevundimonas naejangsanensis and Sphingobacterium mizutaii strains.

Antibiotics have attracted global attention because of their potential ecological and health risks. The emission, multimedia fate and risk of 18 selected antibiotics in the entire Yangtze River basin were evaluated by using a level Ⅳ fugacity model. High antibiotic emissions were found in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. The total antibiotic emissions in the Yangtze River basin exceeded 1600 tons per year between 2013 and 2021. The spatial distribution of antibiotics concentration was the upper Yangtze River > middle Yangtze River > lower Yangtze River, which is positively correlated with animal husbandry size in the basin. Temperature and precipitation increases may decrease the antibiotic concentrations in the environment. Transfer fluxes showed that source emission inputs, advection processes, and degradation fluxes contributed more to the total input and output. High ecological risks in the water environment were found in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021. The comprehensive health risk assessment through drinking water and fish consumption routes showed that a small part of the Yangtze River basin is at medium risk, and children have a relatively high degree of health risk. This study provides a scientific basis for the pollution control of antibiotics at the basin scale. 

Comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics pollution the Yangtze River basin, China: Emission, multimedia fate and risk assessment.

Surface water receives large quantities of wastes from human and animal sources, thus providing an ideal setting for the accumulation, development, and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The rapid spread of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, particularly E. coli and K. pneumoniae, is a growing threat to public health, and there have been increasing reports on the prevalence and abundance of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in aquatic environments all over the globe. The objective of this review is to understand the extent of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae contamination in aquatic environments and to enhance our knowledge on the role of the freshwater environment as a reservoir and transmission routes for these bacteria. In this review, we present the prevalence and distribution of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and their ESBL genes in the freshwater environment, potential sources of these bacteria in the aquatic environment, as well as their potential drivers in the environment, including anthropogenic and environmental factors.

/pdf/freshwater-environment-as-a-reservoir-of-extended-spectrum-b-1fjmdhj9.pdf

Freshwater environment as a reservoir of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

Background. The worldwide emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has become a health crisis, as fewer or sometimes no antimicrobial agents are effective against these bacteria. The Rio Grande R...

Assessment of Antibiotic Levels, Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria and Genetic Biomarkers in the Waters of the Rio Grande River Between the United States-Mexico Border.

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Assessment of Antibiotic Levels, Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria and Genetic Biomarkers in the Waters of the Rio Grande River Between the United States-Mexico Border.