Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins—namely, IGF-I and IGF-II The IGFs are purified from human plasma and cell culture medium by virtue of their ability to stimulate the growth of cartilage or cultured fibroblasts, or their insulin-like activity The IGFs are synthesized in many fetal and postnatal tissues and are capable of acting locally IGF-I and IGF-II are single-chain 75-kDa polypeptides that are chemically related to insulin They bind with high affinity to IGF-I receptors that are thought to mediate most of their biological actions The IGF-I receptor is a homolog of the insulin receptor, having a heterotetrameric structure and a tyrosine kinase domain in the cytoplasmic portion of the β-subunit that phosphorylates the receptor and other substrates, and presumably is involved in transmembrane signaling Hybrid receptors consisting of one αβ IGF-I receptor heterodimer and one αβ insulin receptor heterodimer are described IGF-II also binds with high affinity to the IGF-II/Mannose 6-phosphate receptor IGF-II added with the IGF-II/Mannose 6-phosphate receptor stimulated the activation of the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding protein G i-2  The IGFs participate in the physiological growth of the developing child, fetus, and embryo

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins.

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/0016-5085(93)90971-E/pdf

Insulinlike growth factors and binding proteins in colon cancer

Uniparental disomy for chromosome 7 has been described previously in two individuals with cystic fibrosis. Here, we describe a third case that was discovered because the proband was homozygous for a mutation in the COL1A2 gene for type I procollagen, although his mother was heterozygous and his father did not have the mutation. Phenotypically, the proband was similar to the two previously reported cases with uniparental disomy for chromosome 7, in that he was short in stature and growth retarded. Paternity was assessed with five polymorphic markers. Chromosome 7 inheritance in the proband was analyzed using 12 polymorphic markers distributed along the entire chromosome. Similar analysis of the proband's two brothers established the phase of the alleles at the various loci, assuming minimal recombination. The proband inherited only maternal alleles at five loci and was homozygous at all loci examined, except one. He was heterozygous for an RFLP at the IGBP-1 locus at 7p13-p12. The results suggest that the isodisomy was not complete because of a recombination event involving the proximal short arms of two maternal chromosomes. In addition, the phenotype of proportional dwarfism in the proband suggests imprinting of one or more growth-related genes on chromosome 7.

Partial isodisomy for maternal chromosome 7 and short stature in an individual with a mutation at the COL1A2 locus.

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are polypeptide hormones with structural homology to proinsulin. IGFs circulate in blood bound to specific IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). cDNA sequences of six members of a family of human and rat IGFBPs have been published. Here we present a partial characterization of the human IGFBP-2 gene. This single copy gene is located on chromosome 2 and spans a total of more than 32 kilobases (kb) of genomic sequence. It is organized in four exons with sizes of more than 568, 220, 141, and 496 nucleotides. The intron between exon one and exon two contributes 27 kb to the size of the IGFBP-2 gene. The second and the third introns comprise 1.1 kb and 1.95 kb, respectively. When the structure of the IGFBP-2 gene is compared to that of the IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 genes, the exon boundaries are found to be conserved in these three genes. A single transcriptional start site was localized to 113 +/- 2 nucleotides 5' of the ATG start codon of IGFBP-2 translation. Furthermore, the region bet...

/pdf/structure-of-the-human-insulin-like-growth-factor-binding-4fi27duy3u.pdf

Structure of the human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 gene.

Sequence analysis, expression and chromosomal localization of a gene, isolated from a subtracted human retina cDNA library, that encodes an insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP2)

The gene for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 is localized to human chromosomal region 7p14-p12.

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The gene for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 is localized to human chromosomal region 7p14-p12.