A high performance field reversed configuration (FRC) system includes a central confinement vessel, two diametrically opposed reversed-field-theta-pinch formation sections coupled to the vessel, and two divertor chambers coupled to the formation sections. A magnetic system includes quasi-dc coils axially positioned along the FRC system components, quasi-dc mirror coils between the confinement chamber and the formation sections, and mirror plugs between the formation sections and the divertors. The formation sections include modular pulsed power formation systems enabling static and dynamic formation and acceleration of the FRCs. The FRC system further includes neutral atom beam injectors, pellet or CT injectors, gettering systems, axial plasma guns and flux surface biasing electrodes. The beam injectors are preferably angled toward the midplane of the chamber. In operation, FRC plasma parameters including plasma thermal energy, total particle numbers, radius and trapped magnetic flux, are sustainable at or about a constant value without decay during neutral beam injection.

Systems and methods for forming and maintaining a high performance FRC

The plasma convective (flute-interchange) stability for low magnetic shear systems, with a low collisionality and a low beta, is considered in terms of the necessary and sufficient collisionless kinetic criterion. The magnetic confinement systems under consideration are axially symmetric mirrors equipped with outer divertors and inner field reversing rings (cusps, internal rings, high-beta cells) and closed multimirror traps. A simple approach is proposed for plasma stabilization resulting in a substantial steepening of the critical pressure profile. The essence is the combination of the plasma stabilization by a strong and an alternating-sign field-line curvature. Axially symmetric tandem mirror systems composed of a mirror device having an outer divertor and an inner field reversing ring are shown to have an internal radially peaked stable pressure profile. Bumpy tori are also shown to have an internally peaked stable pressure profile.

Internal plasma pressure peaking in low-shear open and closed magnetic confinement systems

Systems and methods utilizing successive, axially symmetric acceleration and adiabatic compression stages to heat and accelerate two compact tori towards each other and ultimately collide and compress the compact tori within a central chamber. Alternatively, systems and methods utilizing successive, axially asymmetric acceleration and adiabatic compression stages to heat and accelerate a first compact toroid towards and position within a central chamber and to heat and accelerate a second compact toroid towards the central chamber and ultimately collide and merge the first and second compact toroids and compress the compact merge tori within the central chamber.

Systems and methods for merging and compressing compact tori

The possibilities of realizing a low-neutron fusion reactor with a mixture of deuterium and helium-3 are analyzed. Various systems of magnetic confinement are considered taking into account the current state of research. The concepts of fusion reactors involve the use of current technologies and the extrapolation of plasma parameters to the fusion conditions when scaling the size and power. The possibilities of helium-3 production and the expediency of its delivery from the Moon are discussed. The main advantage of the reactor on a mixture of deuterium and helium-3 is low radioactivity. Therefore, the realization of energy production through nuclear fusion reactions may be associated with the use of this type of fuel cycle. The delivery of helium-3 from the Moon may be necessary not only for low-neutron fusion energy, but also inevitable in connection with the needs of neutron monitoring and radioactive material detection systems.

Helium-3 as the global energy resource of the near cosmos

Systems and methods for forming and maintaining a plasma in a high performance frc

The Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) is a high-beta Compact Toroid that includes closed and open field line regions of poloidal magnetic field. Improving the transport properties of both regions ...

Combined FRC and Mirror Plasma Studies in the C-2 Device

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Combined FRC and Mirror Plasma Studies in the C-2 Device