https://www.ftc.gov/sites/default/files/documents/public_comments/2013/07/00031-86244.pdf

On the features and challenges of security and privacy in distributed internet of things

Ecological sustainability is becoming of increasing concern to the HCI community, though little focus has been given yet to issues around food waste. Given the environmental impact of food waste, there is potential to make a significant difference. To understand everyday domestic practices around food and waste, we took a “practice” lens and carried out a study in 14 households that involved interviews, in-home tours and, in five of the households, a FridgeCam technology probe. The analysis highlights that food waste is the unintended result of multiple moments of consumption dispersed in space and time across other integrated practices such as shopping and cooking, which are themselves embedded in broader contextual factors and values. We highlight the importance of respecting the complex negotiations that people make within given structural conditions and competing values and practices, and suggest design strategies to support dispersed as well as integrated food practices, rather than focusing on waste itself.

https://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/PubDat_219965.pdf

Negotiating food waste: Using a practice lens to inform design

Pervasive computing is by its nature open and extensible, and must integrate the information from a diverse range of sources. This leads to a problem of information exchange, so sub-systems must agree on shared representations. Ontologies potentially provide a well-founded mechanism for the representation and exchange of such structured information. A number of ontologies have been developed specifically for use in pervasive computing, none of which appears to cover adequately the space of concerns applicable to application designers. We compare and contrast the most popular ontologies, evaluating them against the system challenges generally recognized within the pervasive computing community. We identify a number of deficiencies that must be addressed in order to apply the ontological techniques successfully to next-generation pervasive systems.

/pdf/ontology-based-models-in-pervasive-computing-systems-4vtiwq2lrh.pdf

Ontology-based models in pervasive computing systems

Do you ever wonder if others react in the same way that you do to what they find in a store? Wouldn't it be interesting to have some way of knowing how others view the retail shopping experience and, if you are a retailer, wouldn't it be nice to know what you might do in your store to increase store traffic and to have that store traffic translate into an increase in store sales? To get these types of answers, one could hire consultants to study retailers and customers and ultimately determine why people buy, or one could just read and study the contents of WHY WE BUY by Paco Underhill. Underhill and his company, Envirosell, have spent years learning about how people shop. More than 50,000 videotaped observations, combined with many other personal observations, provide the database for the book. To help the reader learn about the science of shopping, the book divides the subject into nineteen concise chapters with the first two chapters providing details on how Underhill got started in the people-shopping business and why he got started in that business. In the latter case, the author points out the many things about shopping that retailers do not know-things like their stores' conversion rates (the percentage of shoppers who become buyers) or their stores' interception rates (the percentage of shoppers who have contact with store personnel). What is the conclusion of the chapter? Most retailers do not know what is really happening in their stores. The next five chapters examine the mechanics of shopping. The author discusses the transition zone, the area around the store entrance. just as an airplane needs a landing strip to slow down, customers also need a deceleration lane. The smart retailer provides room for the customer to adjust to the store and, once customers get inside the store, retailers need to give them free hands to shop. Give them shopping carts and baskets and make these carts and baskets available throughout the store, not just at the front of the store. Remember, a free hand is a potential shopping hand. Give them good signs to read-and place the signs where customers can see them but do not let the signs get in the customers' sight lines. If that is not enough to consider, there is a definite way that people move through the store. For example, most customers want to move to the right, and many will go halfway down an aisle and turn around instead of going down the entire aisle. Suggestions are given as to how a retailer might take advantage of this shopping behavior. In the last chapter in the section, the dynamics of shopping are addressed. It should come as no surprise that shoppers appreciate chairs in stores and, if chairs are provided, sales will be enhanced. But another unrelated finding was that many people buy fast food through the drive-through and then eat it in the parking lot of the restaurant (translation: a larger, cleaner, brighter parking lot means higher drive-through sales). …

Why We Buy the Science of Shopping

After a survey of the specific features of ubiquitous computing applications and corresponding middleware requirements, we list the various paradigms used in the main middlewares for ubiquitous computing in the literature. We underline the lack of works introducing the use of the concept of Aspects in middleware dedicated to ubiquitous computing, in spite of them being used for middleware improvement in other domains. Then, we introduce our WComp middleware model, which federates three main paradigms: event-based Web services, a lightweight component-based approach to design dynamic composite services, and an adaptation approach using the original concept called Aspect of Assembly. These paradigms lead to two ways to dynamically design ubiquitous computing applications. The first implements a classical component-based compositional approach to design higher-level composite Web Services and then allow to increment the graph of cooperating services for the applications. This approach is well suited to design the applications in a known, common, and usual context. The second way uses a compositional approach for adaptation using Aspect of Assembly, particularly well-suited to tune a set of composite services in reaction to a particular variation of the context or changing preferences of the users. Having detailed Aspect of Assembly concept, we finally comment on results indicating the expressiveness and the performance of such an approach, showing empirically that principles of aspects and program integration can be used to facilitate the design of adaptive applications.

/pdf/wcomp-middleware-for-ubiquitous-computing-aspects-and-p8rv6rti1m.pdf

WComp middleware for ubiquitous computing: Aspects and composite event-based Web services

In this paper we argue for middleware languages that aid in service composition. We outline where such languages could be useful through the description of our current architecture, and describe what we believe are the key requirements of such a language. We outline the current state of our implementation, and conclude by describing what requirements are placed on service providers by such composition middleware.

Scooby: middleware for service composition in pervasive computing

http://users.sussex.ac.uk/~ianw/papers/puc08-scooby.pdf

Composing software services in the pervasive computing environment: Languages or APIs?

We report on designing augmented reality (AR) applications to support the practices of going shopping, using an accompanied shopping and reflection technique to assess the key points of engagement among shoppers and producers at a farmers' market. Our goal was to deploy innovative mobile technology in a low-tech context so that it supported everyday behaviour. The paper documents how a short research intervention was decisive in shaping the applications designed for the AR tool and explores how stories told as part of the market and in interview were used to help organise our insights.

/pdf/chutney-and-relish-designing-to-augment-the-experience-of-4h164tylv1.pdf

Chutney and relish: designing to augment the experience of shopping at a farmers' market

Facilitating navigation through commercial spaces by third party systems is a likely step in pervasive computing. For these applications to fully engage people they must build trust relationships in a natural manner. We hypothesize that the use of an explicit trust model in the design of the application would improve the rate at which trust is generated. To investigate this hypothesis, we have taken as a case study the design of a shopping guide for a local trading association. We have created an explicit trust model and incorporated this into our design. We have evaluated both our model and our application. The results of this confirmed our hypothesis and provided additional insight into how to model trust in the design of applications.

/pdf/the-north-laine-shopping-guide-a-case-study-in-modelling-44r0zzuy13.pdf

The North Laine Shopping Guide: A Case Study in Modelling Trust in Applications

Farmers’ markets are the source of a rich and pleasurable consumption experience. In this chapter, we report on our attempts to support and augment these experiences through the deployment of pervasive advertising. We describe the ethnographic approach we used to delineate the areas of enjoyment and pleasure, how narratives are weaved around and through the stalls and their products, and how trust is formed and maintained between the stallholders and the customers. We show how this understanding can be applied in the design of supporting advertising applications. We then evaluate the applications using the same ethnographic approach, uncovering problems which would not have been visible with other evaluation techniques.

Deploying pervasive advertising in a farmers’ market

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