Twenty-two lakes, swamps and ponds on, or adjacent to, siliceous coastal dunes from Newcastle to Tweed Heads were investigated. Most of the waterbodies originated by deflation, with organic accumulation and development of perched water-tables involved in establishing those in higher dunes inland. Some were located in depressions in hard rock, blocked by dunes. Most had low total dissolved solids content with Na+ and Cl- dominant, but in and near frontal dunes Ca2+ and HCO3- were important and salinity was higher. Dissolved organic matter coloured the water of those with swampy environs. Humic waters were markedly acidic, frontal dune ponds alkaline, and lakes in contact with dunes near neutral. The physicochemical features of the only waterbody connected to the sea, Blue Lagoon, varied spatially and temporally with rainfall. Lake muds were dys. The dominant plants were all emergents, with Lepironia auriculata (Retz) prominent in most waterbodies on or near leached dunes. Calamoecia tasmanica (Smith) dominated the plankton; species diversity was higher in lakes in contact with dunes than in those surrounded by leached dunes. No euzooplankters were recovered from frontal dune ponds or Blue Lagoon. Overall, littoral invertebrates were reasonably diverse but limited in frontal dune ponds. Most notable was the restriction of molluscs and ostracods to sites on or adjacent to frontal dunes, the presence of some characteristic microcrustaceans in sites on or near leached dunes, and the ubiquity of many insect groups, particularly hemipterans and coleopterans. Benthos was depauperate in species and numbers in lakes surrounded by leached dunes; diversity and standing crops were higher in lakes in contact with dunes. <P.A typology scheme, based on, and showing the interrelationships between, mode of origin, water chemistry and salient biological features, showed much greater heterogeneity among dune lakes in eastern Australia than previously thought.

Coastal dune waterbodies of north-eastern New South Wales

Large benthic accumulations of cyanobacteria occur in sheltered embayments within Myall Lake, New South Wales, Australia. The lake is shallow, with the entire bottom within the euphotic zone, and it is generally considered pristine, having low nutrient concentrations. The accumulations are highly organic and contain a mix of species mainly from the order Chroococcales, with two forms of Aphanothece being dominant. However polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis indicates a close similarity to Microcystis flos-aquae. The cells appear to lack aerotopes and form sticky mucilaginous amalgamations, which may enhance their benthic habit. Although Chroococcales also dominate the planktonic cyanobacterial community, the benthic species are seldom, if ever, found entrained within the water column. Some hepatotoxicity was indicated by mouse bioassay, protein phosphatase inhibition assay, enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) for microcystins, PCR and by chromatographic evidence for a microcystin. Ecological aspects of the distribution, gross morphology of the organisms and management implications for recreational water-users are discussed.

Investigations into the taxonomy, toxicity and ecology of benthic cyanobacterial accumulations in Myall Lake, Australia

Intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons (ICOLLs) are important features of the Australian coastline. Local authorities frequently open lakes by bulldozing or dredging the mouths, in an effort to improve water-quality and to reduce the risk of flooding and these interventions provided an opportunity to examine large-scale patterns in meiobenthos in relation to isolation from the sea. Even at a coarse level of taxonomic resolution (phylum, class and order), consistent differences between assemblages of meiobenthos in different reaches of the lakes and between open and closed lakes were revealed. The abundance of meiobenthos generally decreased with increasing distance from the sea. Multivariate analyses showed that nematodes, copepods and turbellarians were characteristic of assemblages near the mouths of lakes while polychaetes and oligochaetes characterised those in more isolated areas. Furthermore, assemblages in the inner reaches of open lakes also differed from those in closed lakes. Isolated localities were less diverse and more spatially variable. Differences in meiobenthos between natural lakes and those that are artificially opened became apparent when open and closed were analysed separately. Lakes that are kept open artificially are similar to naturally open lakes despite other impacts associated with human activities. These results are considered in the context of isolation and the implications of proposed changes in the way mouths are manipulated are discussed.

Spatial patterns in meiobenthic assemblages in intermittently open/closed coastal lakes in New South Wales, Australia

Guidelines for the Conduct of Surveys for Detecting Introductions of Non–Indigenous Marine Species by Ballast Water and Other Vectors – and a Review of Marine Introductions to Australia

This second section covers the area of Australia south of the Tropic of Capricorn (23°26.5’S) and encompasses the greater part of the arid interior, an extensive coastline with coastal plains, and upland areas. The most intensive agricultural areas are covered as are regions with both the highest and lowest densities of population and industry. Information availability has been influenced by conservation issues and pressures for exploitation. Exploitation pressures, in particular, have been responsible for the gathering of information on particular wetlands including: (i) those near areas of high population density (e.g. Goodrick 1970, Pressey 1981, 1987a,b), (ii) fragile habitats such as the mound springs of the Lake Eyre Basin (Greenslade et al. (1985), and (iii) areas of political significance (e.g. Knights (1980) for the Macquarie Marshes, Thompson (1986), Pressey (1986), and the Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council (1987) for the Murray-Darling system).

Wetlands of Australia: Southern (temperate) Australia

This ecological study of the Myall Lakes, a lagoon system on the New South Wales central coast, presents the physical setting and characteristics of the Lakes’catchments and relates these characteristics to the hydrochemical features of surface and subsurface waters. In turn these hydrochemical features have been related to the aquatic communities.



It is suggested that the predominance of forest vegetation and stable soils in the Lakes’catchment has assisted in retaining these lakes in a generally undisturbed state.



Fluctuations of salinity, turbidity and ionic concentrations in the lower part of the system are controlled by natural inputs of rainfall, run-off and tidal flushings. However, Boolambayte Lake and particularly Myall Lake, the upper part of the system, appear to be isolated from these influences. The aquatic communities reflect these hydrochemical differences.



The lack of flushing of waters in this upper part of the system, in Dirty Creek and to a lesser extent in the Myall River immediately upstream of the Broadwater, makes these areas particularly susceptible to pollution and eutrophication associated with increased development.

An ecological investigation of the Myall Lakes region

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An ecological investigation of the Myall Lakes region