This essay is an historical exploration of the nexus between animals, agency, and class. More significantly, it seeks to place the agency of horses, cows, sheep, pigs, etc. into the process of historical writing. This essay is divided into three sections. The first is a critique of the current state of the historiography of animal-studies. The second, ‘A Product of an Unspoken Negotiation,’ considers how animals themselves have shaped their own lives and labors. The third, ‘The Evolution of Vegetarianism and Animal-Rights,’ explores how a class relationship developed between humans and other animals. Moreover, this section demonstrates how this solidarity then led to the creation of social change.

/pdf/animals-agency-and-class-writing-the-history-of-animals-from-3m0w258nx9.pdf

Animals, Agency, and Class: Writing the History of Animals from Below

This article interprets within a behavioral science, action-learning theory framework three ethics cases where John Woolman's "I Am We" action-learning method was used. The method looks for the source of current problematic behavior in biases of a shared tradition system rather than simply within individuals; it approaches those involved in a friendly manner, asks for help in deconstructing how behaviors and values might be based on troublesome biases within our tradition, and works together with those who are agreeable to experiment with alternative behaviors that do not rest on the troublesome biases. Relevant aspects of such behavioral science concepts as exit, voice and loyalty, reciprocal interactions, and action-learning are employed and extended. Three cases where the Woolman method was used are presented and interpreted within a behavioral-science-based action-learning framework Strengths and limitations of the method are discussed. A new type of action-learning-triple-loop-is suggested.

Woolman's "I am We" Triple-Loop Action-Learning: Origin and Application in Organization Ethics

Epic in American Culture

Five types of dialectic change processes are compared in the context of a Cadburys case study. The strategic change literature has recognized one type of dialectic process that it inaccurately refers to as Hegelian. Different dialectic processes often can operate simultaneously. Managers can make some choices about which processes to cocreate or work with. Effective intervention, participation, and change can depend on which types of dialectic processes managers choose to work or cocreate with.

Varieties of Dialectic Change Processes

In his lifetime John Woolman (1720–1772) drew attention to himself with his unusual behavior, his expressive demeanor and his clothes. He sought to become a ‘sign’ directing others toward a way of life without exploitation or slavery. After his death and the publication of his journal, he was celebrated as the most important figure in the campaign to turn the Quakers against slaveholding. Woolman's self-presentation, contemporary responses to him, and the posthumous commemoration of him provide an indication of the power and significance of personal narrative within Quakerism and in antislavery politics in Britain and America.

The First Person in Antislavery Literature: John Woolman, his Clothes and his Journal

The journal and major essays of John Woolman

The Works of John Woolman: In Two Parts

The Journal And Essays Of John Woolman

The journal of John Woolman and a plea for the poor : the John Greenleaf Whittier edition text

The Journal of John Woolman and a Plea for the Poor

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John Woolman

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