Metasurfaces: From microwaves to visible

This paper discusses the theoretical modeling and practical design of millimeter wave reflectarrays using microstrip patch elements of variable size. A full-wave treatment of plane wave reflection from a uniform infinite array of microstrip patches is described and used to generate the required patch-design data and to calculate the radiation patterns of the reflectarray. The critical parameters of millimeter wave reflectarray design, such as aperture efficiency, phase errors, losses, and bandwidth are also discussed. Several reflectarray feeding techniques are described, and measurements from four reflectarray design examples at 28 and 77 GHz are presented.

Design of millimeter wave microstrip reflectarrays

Microstrip reflectarrays typically use tuning stubs on each element to adjust the phase of the reflected field. The authors describe a new approach in which the need for tuning stubs is eliminated and phase control is achieved simply by adjusting the resonant length of the patch elements. The advantages of this approach are described, as are a full-wave analysis technique for computing the phase of the reflected field as a function of patch size and a design curve giving the change in patch size for a desired reflected field phase shift.<
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Analysis of a reflectarray antenna using microstrip patches of variable size

The design of a C-band electronically beam scanning reflectarray is presented. The reconfigurable reflectarray element consists of a microstrip patch, printed on a flexible membrane substrate, aperture-coupled to a transmission line loaded with two varactor diodes. The designed element allows continuous tuning of the reflected signal's phase over a 360deg range with a maximum loss of 2.4 dB at 5.4 GHz. The measured results on a 30-element reflectarray breadboard show that by varying the bias voltages on each element the main beam can be steered to large angles, up to 40deg from broadside in the H-plane. A loss analysis of the proposed reflectarray is also presented

Design of an Electronically Beam Scanning Reflectarray Using Aperture-Coupled Elements

An antenna device includes a dual polarized quad-ridge antenna horn an electrically conductive conduit with first and second opposite ends along a horn axis. Four electrically conductive ridges are carried on an inner side of the electrically conductive conduit. A printed wiring board including a dielectric substrate is connected across the first end of the dual polarized quad-ridge antenna horn and transversely to the horn axis. Furthermore, an electrically conductive pattern is formed on the dielectric substrate and defines feed elements for the dual polarized quad-ridge antenna horn.

Antenna horn and associated methods

A passive array of resonantly-dimensioned microstrip antenna radiator patches are closely spaced (i.e., less than one-tenth wavelength) above a ground plane and individually associated with transmission line segments terminated so as to cause the overall array to receive an incident r.f. electromagnetic field, to convert the received field into r.f. electrical currents which flow along the transmission lines and are absorbed by the terminations or reflected therefrom. In the latter case, the reflected r.f. energy is re-transmitted in a predetermined direction as a re-directed r.f. electromagnetic field. The presently preferred embodiment is a relatively thin, flexible and thus conformable layered structure formed by selectively etching conductive material from one side of a metallically cladded dielectric sheet. For satellite communication, a flat reflectarray may be associated with a primary r.f. transmitter/receiver structure disposed at a focal area or spot of the reflectarray having an appropriately phased aperture (e.g., parabolic). For radar cross-section enhancement or reduction, the reflectarray aperture is phased so as to retro-reflect incident r.f. fields or so as to scatter, otherwise misdirect or absorb (e.g., by using lossy resistive transmission line terminations) the incident r.f. field.

Microstrip reflect array for satellite communication and radar cross-section enhancement or reduction

In Streifenleitungstechnik ausgeführte Reflektorgruppenantenne für Satellitenverbindungen und zur Vergrösserung oder Verminderung der Zurückstrahlbarkeit von Radarwellen

Réseau réflecteur microbande pour communications par satellite et pour l'augmentation ou la réduction de la surface radar utile

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Microstrip reflect array for satellite communication and radar cross-section enhancement or reduction

In Streifenleitungstechnik ausgeführte Reflektorgruppenantenne für Satellitenverbindungen und zur Vergrösserung oder Verminderung der Zurückstrahlbarkeit von Radarwellen

Réseau réflecteur microbande pour communications par satellite et pour l'augmentation ou la réduction de la surface radar utile