Ninety-five studies conducted between September 1955 and October 1983 measuring changes in human serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in response to exercise training were analyzed using meta-analysis. Change in body weight during exercise training may confound observed serum lipid and lipoprotein level changes; thus, data from these studies were partitioned into those where subjects gained body weight, maintained body weight, or lost body weight. Results showed differential changes in cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in the three body-weight categories. Where body weight did not change, cholesterol and LDL-C levels decreased significantly (7.3 mg/dL and 3.3 mg/dL, respectively). Where body weight decreased, cholesterol and LDL-C levels also decreased significantly (13.2 mg/dL and 11.1 mg/dL, respectively). However, with body-weight increase, cholesterol and LDL-C levels increased by 2.9 mg/dL and 3.0 mg/dL, respectively. These results suggest that reductions in cholesterol and LDL-C levels were greatest when exercise training was combined with body-weight losses. ( JAMA 1985;254:919-924)

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/400078/jama_254_7_023.pdf

Differential effects of exercise on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels seen with changes in body weight. A meta-analysis.

Impact of progressive resistance training on lipids and lipoproteins in adults : A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Resistive exercise training has become very popular for patients of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programmes (CRPs). For decades, CRPs focused almost exclusively on improving cardiorespiratory endurance and most programmes ignored muscular fitness development. Moreover, resistance training was thought to be potentially hazardous for the cardiac patient due to the risk of cardiovascular complications from adverse haemodynamic responses. We now know that resistive exercise testing and training is very safe for properly screened patients, even at relatively high workloads. Improvement in muscular strength facilitates return to daily vocational and avocational activities and is important for the CRP participant to regain lost strength and resume work soon after a cardiac event. Circuit weight training (CWT) is helpful in this respect and has been shown to increase muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance, body composition, bone density and mineral content, self-confidence, and self-efficacy in various populations. This article presents an update on current research in cardiac patients and also presents guidelines for implementing a properly supervised cardiac resistive exercise programme.

Resistive exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation. An update.

In brief: The effects of squatting exercise on heart rate and blood lactate levels were studied in five trained and five untrained men between the ages of 22 and 37. The subjects performed squats (sets of ten repetitions until exhaustion), resting for 2 1/2 minutes between sets. Total positive work was estimated with the following formula: (bar mass + body mass) X vertical displacement X repetitions. Heart rate, lactate, and rating of perceived exertion were measured immediately before exercise, after each set, and five minutes after reaching exhaustion. The trained subjects performed more total work and had higher heart rates and lactate levels at exhaustion than the untrained subjects, though heart rates and lactate levels were lower for trained subjects at a given bar mass or submaximal work load. The findings suggest that weight training may cause adaptations that result in reduced fatigue and/or enhanced recovery.

Heart Rate and Lactate Levels During Weight-Training Exercise in Trained and Untrained Men

Effects of Weight Training on Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease

Physiological Effects of a Short Term Resistive Training Program on Middle-Aged Untrained Men

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Physiological Effects of a Short Term Resistive Training Program on Middle-Aged Untrained Men