The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared space telescope that has recently started its science program which will enable breakthroughs in astrophysics and planetary science. Notably, JWST will provide the very first observations of the earliest luminous objects in the universe and start a new era of exoplanet atmospheric characterization. This transformative science is enabled by a 6.6 m telescope that is passively cooled with a 5 layer sunshield. The primary mirror is comprised of 18 controllable, low areal density hexagonal segments, that were aligned and phased relative to each other in orbit using innovative image-based wave front sensing and control algorithms. This revolutionary telescope took more than two decades to develop with a widely distributed team across engineering disciplines. We present an overview of the telescope requirements, architecture, development, superb on-orbit performance, and lessons learned. JWST successfully demonstrates a segmented aperture space telescope and establishes a path to building even larger space telescopes.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acada0/pdf

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission: Optical Telescope Element Design, Development, and Performance

In 2017, the James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element and Integrated Science Instrument Module (OTIS) underwent cryogenic optical testing at the Johnson Space Center. In this paper, we summarize the successful execution and results of this 100-day test, which was a major program milestone. We summarize the as-run test configuration and provide a top-level as-run timeline. We also provide the top-level functional, optical, thermal, and operational results from the test. We summarize the key technical issues encountered and the resolution of those issues. The results of the OTIS test indicate that the payload should be fully capable of delivering on JWST's exciting scientific potential.

/pdf/james-webb-space-telescope-jwst-optical-telescope-element-1fqeracc44.pdf

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) optical telescope element and integrated science instrument module (OTIS) cryogenic test program and results

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Simulation Testbed (JOST) is a hardware simulator for wavefront sensing and control designed to produce JWST-like images. A model of the JWST three mirror anastigmat is realized with three lenses in the form of a Cooke triplet, which provides JWST-like optical quality over a field equivalent to a NIRCam module. An Iris AO hexagonally segmented mirror stands in for the JWST primary. This setup successfully produces images extremely similar to expected JWST in- ight point spread functions (PSFs), and NIRCam images from cryotesting, in terms of the PSF morphology and sampling relative to the diffraction limit. The segmentation of the primary mirror into subapertures introduces complexity into wavefront sensing and control (WFSandC) of large space based telescopes like JWST. JOST provides a platform for independent analysis of WFSandC scenarios for both commissioning and maintenance activities on such observatories. We present an update of the current status of the testbed including both single field and wide-field alignment results. We assess the optical quality of JOST over a wide field of view to inform the future implementation of different wavefront sensing algorithms including the currently implemented Linearized Algorithm for Phase Diversity (LAPD). JOST complements other work at the Makidon Laboratory at the Space Telescope Science Institute, including the High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) testbed, that investigates coronagraphy for segmented aperture telescopes. Beyond JWST we intend to use JOST for WFSandC studies for future large segmented space telescopes such as LUVOIR.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02308710/document

James Webb Space Telescope optical simulation testbed V: wide-field phase retrieval assessment

A subset of the Wavefront Sensing and Controls (WFSC) operations for JWST were demonstrated during its recent cryo-vac testing using the flight telescope and instruments, and a functional simulation of the spacecraft and ground system. The demonstration had three goals: to confirm the operation of the flight data collection scripts, to check the WFSC optical components, and to verify the coordinates and influence functions that will be used for flight WFSC. In this paper, we present the results and lessons learned from this demonstration.

Wavefront sensing and controls demo during the cryo-vac testing of JWST

Aligning and commissioning the James Webb Space Telescope's segmented mirrors after launch will last many months and involve the telescope itself, all science instruments, and all parts of the observatory ground system In an effort to assess and demonstrate readiness of the complete end-to-end system - ie the flight optical telescope elements (OTE), the Integrated Science Instruments Module, the on-board operational scripts, and the ground processing infrastructure - we performed two operations tests during the JWST OTIS cryogenic campaign in 2017 They are the Wavefront Sensing and Control Demonstration activities at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), where we performed flight-like sensing and control using the flight software to command mirror moves and take measurements, and a "Shadow Mode test" at the Space Telescope Science Institute's Mission Operations Center (MOC), where we demonstrated processing of the JSC data through the entire ground system infrastructure Overall, these tests demonstrated that the full system that will support OTE commissioning is soundly designed although still not fully mature This paper focuses on the operations and systems testing aspects and some lessons learned We also report on a series of Wavefront Rehearsals being held at the MOC that are providing additional opportunities to build team readiness in operating the ground system as a whole using high fidelity observatory simulators

Wavefront sensing and control demo during the cryo-vacuum testing of JWST: exercising the science and operations center

Upgrades of the science instrument complement on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and observing strategy innovations have combined to greatly increase the number of observations and the volume of data during the first decade of HST operations At the same time, the data processing component of HST operations has undergone a parallel evolution in strategy and implementation, partly in response to the increased volume of data from HST while reducing staffing requirements, and partly due to the phasing out of old technologies and the exploring of new ones This paper describes the original HST data processing strategy and implementation, how it has evolved to the current design today, and where it may be going for future space telescope missions (HST, NGST, et al)

Evolution of science data processing for the Hubble Space Telescope: a user's perspective

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Wavefront sensing and control demo during the cryo-vacuum testing of JWST: exercising the science and operations center

Evolution of science data processing for the Hubble Space Telescope: a user's perspective