We introduce here Momocs, a package intended to ease and popularize modern mor- phometrics with R, and particularly outline analysis, which aims to extract quantitative variables from shapes. It mostly hinges on the functions published in the book entitled Modern Morphometrics Using R by Claude (2008). From outline extraction from raw data to multivariate analysis, Momocs provides an integrated and convenient toolkit to students and researchers who are, or may become, interested in describing the shape and its variation. The methods implemented so far in Momocs are introduced through a simplistic case study that aims to test if two sets of bottles have different shapes.

Momocs: Outline Analysis Using R

Outlines of wings from 127 species of North American mosquitoes were digitized. Comparisons were made among several different methods of reducing the information in the resulting coordinates to a series of descriptors that could be used in multivariate analysis. Methods included Fourier analysis of both radii and tangent angle change functions. In addi- tion, the relatively new method of elliptic Fourier analysis was tried. Cluster and ordination analyses based on the various sets of descriptors summarized well the pattern of similarities and differences in wing shapes, but clusters of similar wings do not agree well with traditional taxonomic groupings. The use of elliptic Fourier descriptors appears to be especially promising for future work. (Fourier analysis; morphometrics; mosquitoes; image analysis; feature extrac- tion.)

A comparison of fourier methods for the description of wing shape in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae)

Proceedings of the Michigan morphometrics workshop

We present the analysis of Her spectra obtained during a two-ribbon flare observed on the solar disk on May 16, 1981 at Yunnan Observatory with the Spectra-Spectroheliograph (SSHG). The complicated asymmetric profiles produced by the post-flare loops overlying flare ribbons are analysed with a fast method based on the cloud model method. This method takes into account the bright background of the loops and allows computation of the physical quantities of loops crossed by the slit: velocity field, optical thickness, source function and Doppler width. Using the scanning spectra of the region, we obtain 2-D maps of these parameters. The validity of the method used is compared with other methods and the sensitivity of parameters to solution is discussed in details. The results obtained with this method are compared with those given by Heinzel et al. (1992) using a fully non-LTE approach.

Spectral analysis

The use of variograms in remote sensing. I - Scene models and simulated images. II - Real digital images

The Harmonic Analysis of Spatial Shapes Using Dual Axis Fourier Shape Analysis (DAFSA)

The authors have developed an approach to the harmonic analysis of closed cartographic forms in the complex domain called Dual Axis Fourier Shape Analysis (DAFSA) which is a significant improvement over earlier harmonic shape analysis techniques. DAFSA is based on the variance spectrum and modulus ratio spectrum as the fundamental Fourier shape descriptors for analysis and interpretation. Any closed cartographic form can be decomposed into its respective harmonic frequency components which can be rationally interpreted in terms of the contribution that a specific frequency and related attributes of it are making to the shape in question. As such the DAFSA descriptors are independent of scale, translation, rotation and starting point of the figure.

The Dual Axis Fourier Shape Analysis of Closed Cartographic Forms

The Spectrum of U.S. Route 40 Reexamined

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The Harmonic Analysis of Spatial Shapes Using Dual Axis Fourier Shape Analysis (DAFSA)

The Dual Axis Fourier Shape Analysis of Closed Cartographic Forms

The Spectrum of U.S. Route 40 Reexamined