Jay W. Forrester’s original statement of the foundations of system dynamics emphasized four‘threads’: computing technology,computersimulation,strategicdecisionmaking,andtheroleoffeedbackincomplexsystems. Subsequent work has expanded on these to expose the significance in the system dynamics approach of dynamic thinking, stock‐ and‐flow thinking, operational thinking, and so on. But the foundation of systems thinking and system dynamics lies deeper than these and is often implicit or even ignored: it is the“endogenous point of view”. The paper begins with historical background, clarifies the endogenous point of view, illustrates with examples, and argues that the endogenous point of view is thesine qua nonof systems approaches. What expert systems teachers and practitioners have to offer their students and the world is a set of tools, habits of thought, and skills enabling the discovery and understanding of endogenous sources of complex system behavior. Copyright © 2011 System Dynamics Society. Syst. Dyn. Rev.27, 219‐243 (2011)

Reflections on the foundations of system dynamics

Resistance to insecticides and herbicides has cost billions of U.S. dollars in the agricultural sector and could result in millions of lives lost to insect-vectored diseases. We mostly continue to use pesticides as if resistance is a temporary issue that will be addressed by commercialization of new pesticides with novel modes of action. However, current evidence suggests that insect and weed evolution may outstrip our ability to replace outmoded chemicals and other control mechanisms. To avoid this outcome, we must address the mix of ecological, genetic, economic, and sociopolitical factors that prevent implementation of sustainable pest management practices. We offer an ambitious proposition.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/360/6390/728.full.pdf

Wicked evolution: Can we address the sociobiological dilemma of pesticide resistance?

The purpose of this article is to review the emerging research on entrepreneurial ecosystem and to guide future research into this promising area. The study presents a critical review on the entrepreneurial ecosystem, starting from its very definition and antecedents. Combining prior research with building on the main concepts that constitute an entrepreneurial ecosystem, we have developed an original set of guidelines that can help scholars and practitioners seeking an answer to the following pressing question: “How can we gain a comprehensive understanding of an entrepreneurial ecosystem?”. We will then discuss the opportunities for expanding our current knowledge on entrepreneurial ecosystems and describe the current debates and directions for future research. Lastly, we will provide guidelines that policymakers may take into consideration when designing and issuing support measures to promote entrepreneurship in their local ecosystems.

Entrepreneurial ecosystem research: present debates and future directions

Objectives: This paper reports on findings from a systematic review designed to investigate the state of systems science research in public health. The objectives were to: (1) explore how systems methodologies are being applied within public health and (2) identify fruitful areas of activity. Design: A systematic review was conducted from existing literature that draws on or uses systems science (in its various forms) and relates to key public health areas of action and concern, including tobacco, alcohol, obesity and the social determinants of health. Data analysis: 117 articles were included in the review. An inductive qualitative content analysis was used for data extraction. The following were systematically extracted from the articles: approach, methodology, transparency, strengths and weaknesses. These were then organised according to theme (ie, commonalities between studies within each category), in order to provide an overview of the state of the field as a whole. The assessment of data quality was intrinsic to the goals of the review itself, and therefore, was carried out as part of the analysis. Results: 4 categories of research were identified from the review, ranging from editorial and commentary pieces to complex system dynamic modelling. Our analysis of each of these categories of research highlighted areas of potential for systems science to strengthen public health efforts, while also revealing a number of limitations in the dynamic systems modelling being carried out in public health. Conclusions: There is a great deal of interest in how the application of systems concepts and approach might aid public health. Our analysis suggests that soft systems modelling techniques are likely to be the most useful addition to public health, and align well with current debate around knowledge transfer and policy. However, the full range of systems methodologies is yet to be engaged with by public health researchers.

/pdf/systems-science-and-systems-thinking-for-public-health-a-90jvaklddf.pdf

Systems science and systems thinking for public health: a systematic review of the field.

Group model building (GMB) is a participatory method for involving stakeholders in the process of developing system dynamics models. GMB has historically consisted of undocumented structured small-group exercises. This paper describes an effort to document GMB scripts called Scriptapedia, and how documented GMB scripts can be used to design more effective GMB sessions that address cultural and ideological barriers to collaboration. A case study of a project to develop a coordinated community response to domestic violence is used to illustrate the use of scripts for planning collaboration. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential limitations of scripts and implications for future research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

/pdf/group-model-building-scripts-as-a-collaborative-planning-r5jr0idyz3.pdf

Group Model-Building 'Scripts' as a Collaborative Planning Tool

Work reported herein was supported, in part, by the Singapore Defence Science and
Technology Agency (DSTA).

/pdf/preventing-accidents-and-building-a-culture-of-safety-1l89ggwxib.pdf

Preventing Accidents and Building a Culture of Safety: Insights from a Simulation Model

Public policies often fail to achieve their intended result because of the complexity of both the environment and the policy-making process. In this article, we review the benefits of using small system dynamics models to address public policy questions. First we discuss the main difficulties inherent in the public policy-making process. Then, we discuss how small system dynamics models can address policy-making difficulties by examining two promising examples: the first in the domain of urban planning and the second in the domain of social welfare. These examples show how small models can yield accessible, insightful lessons for policy making stemming from the endogenous and aggregate perspective of system dynamics modeling and simulation. Copyright © 2010 System Dynamics Society.

/pdf/how-small-system-dynamics-models-can-help-the-public-policy-5geetcl5r6.pdf

How small system dynamics models can help the public policy process

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Preventing Accidents and Building a Culture of Safety: Insights from a Simulation Model

How small system dynamics models can help the public policy process