The present invention provides systems utilizing fiber optics for monitoring downhole parameters and the operation and conditions of downhole tools. In one system fiber optics sensors are placed in the wellbore to make distributed measurements for determining the fluid parameters including temperature, pressure, fluid flow, fluid constituents and chemical properties. Optical spectrometric sensors are employed for monitoring chemical properties in the wellbore and at the surface for chemical injection systems. Fiber optic sensors are utilized to determine formation properties including resistivity and acoustic properties compensated for temperature effects. Fiber optic sensors are used to monitor the operation and condition of downhole devices including electrical submersible pumps and flow control devices. In one embodiment, a common fluid line is used to monitor downhole parameters and to operate hydraulically-operated devices. Fiber optic sensors are also deployed to monitor the physical condition of power lines supplying high electric power to downhole equipment. A light cell disposed downhole is used to generate electric power in the wellbore, which is used to charge batteries.

Monitoring of downhole parameters and tools utilizing fiber optics

A safe, reliable SCR system for reducing NOx emissions from a lean-burn internal combustion engine utilizes urea in aqueous solution. A modular assembly is provided for mounting inside an urea reagent tank (30) which enables controlled feeding of an aqueous urea solution to an injector. The assembly includes a reagent quality sensor (152), a reagent temperature sensor (143), a reagent level sensor (154) and a pump (137).

Reducing NOx emissions from an engine by temperature-controlled urea injection for selective catalytic reduction

A system and method for imaging tissue autofluorescence through a video endoscope is described, comprising a light source capable of providing both ultraviolet light capable of inducing tissue autofluorescence and visible light which induces little or no autofluorescence, an optical system to deliver both wavelength bands to the tissue with the same apparent spatial and angular intensity distribution, a means for digitally acquiring the resulting, visible fluorescence and visible reflectance images using a single imaging detector at the distal tip of the endoscope and a means for digitally processing said images to generate a final, false-color image for display which indicates regions of tissue dysplasia. This system can either be added on to an existing video endoscope or integrated into its structure. The combined system can be electronically switched between normal white light imaging and fluorescence imaging.

Autofluorescence imaging system for endoscopy

A computer implemented method and associated apparatus for the combined control of insulin bolus dosing and basal delivery for the goal of achieving normal glycemic response to meals, exercise, stressors, and other perturbations to blood glucose levels. A run-to-run algorithm is used to monitor blood glucose levels and adjust insulin delivery as conditions are varied.

Method and apparatus for glucose control and insulin dosing for diabetics

Methods for analyzing an optical surface for an analyte of interest in a test sample and related instruments/devices are disclosed. The method entails the use of thin film optical immunoassay device whereby an analyte of interest is detected in a test sample through spectral changes in the light impinging the surface prior to and after the binding of the analyte to reactive substrate layer(s). The device includes a substrate which has a first color in response to light impinging thereon. The substrate also exhibits a second color which is different from the first color. The second color is exhibited in response to the same light when the analyte is present on the surface.

Devices and methods for detection of an analyte based upon light interference

A method to determine performance of a treating agent (CA) added to a system body of liquid to enhance performance of the liquid body is determined by employing an inert fluorescent tracer (T) in a known T:CA dosage proportion, prepared on the basis of a concentration of CA (e.g. ppm) proposed for optimum performance in the liquid body. The system liquid is sampled and, on the basis of fluorescent emission, the sampled indicator is compared to a standard ppm concentration of T to determine the concentration and efficacy of CA and the physical characteristics and operating parameters of the liquid body.

Fluorescent tracers - chemical treatment monitors

The performance of a treating agent added to a body of water employed in a cooling tower is continuously monitored by real-time analysis of a spectral or chemical characteristic of an inert tracer proportioned to the treating agent, said characteristic being indicative of tracer concentration, and converted to a voltage analog The voltage analog is compared to a monitor value representing par performance and if performance is nonstandard (nonpar) a signal is generated which alters the output of a pump which feeds the dosage of treating agent containing proportioned tracer

Continuous on-stream monitoring of cooling tower water

Method of determining treating agent concentration added to a water recirculating system to enhance efficiency by inhibiting scaling or corrosion or settling of particulates; the treating agent bears an amine-containing fluorescent moiety tag covalently bonded thereto, allowing sample analysis for emissivity as a measure of concentration equatable to the performance of treating agent in the system; by simultaneously employing an inert fluorescent tracer equated to the original (ppm) dosage of treating agent, consumption of the treating agent may be determined by emissivity differences equated to the original dosage.

Monitoring and dosage control of tagged polymers in cooling water systems

Methods and systems for monitoring and/or controlling membrane separation systems or processes are provided. The present invention utilizes measurable amounts of inert fluorescent tracer(s) added to a feed stream to evaluate and/or control the purification of such feed stream during membrane separation. The methods and systems of the present invention can be utilized in a variety of different industrial applications including raw water processing and waste water processing.

Method of Monitoring Membrane Separation Processes

A target-specie responsive regulation of water treatment agent feed is achieved by the monitoring of a subject target-specie indicator. A target specie in a sample taken from the system is selected as the subject target-specie indicator, or instead an incipient reagent is added to the system sample to form a subject target-specie indicator. Such a formed subject target-specie indicator comprises a combination of the incipient reagent and a target specie. The subject target-specie indicator might then monitored by fluorescence analysis of the sample to determine at least one fluorescence emission value that can be correlated to the in-system concentration of the target specie. In combination with an inert tracer, the system consumption for the target specie can be determined. A responsive adjustment of the in-system concentration of a water treatment agent can be made.

Regulating water treatment agent dosage based on operational system stresses

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