Murine chronic respiratory disease. Significance as a research complication and experimental production with Mycoplasma pulmonis.

Adjuvant induced arthritis is believed to be due to an immunological process associated with the development of delayed hypersensitivity to a component of the injected mycobacterial adjuvant. However, since pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) may cause arthritis in rats, it was necessary to determine whether such microorganisms play any role in adjuvant disease. This article reports attempts to cultivate bacteria and PPLO from affected tissues and to transfer disease to normal recipients. No evidence for an infectious agent was obtained.



Es opinate que arthritis inducite per adjuvantes es le resultato de un processo immunologic associate con le disveloppamento de un tardive hypersensibilitate pro un componente del injicite adjuvante mycobacterial. Tamen, viste que organismos pleuropneumonioide es capace a causar arthritis in rattos, il esseva necessari detenninar si tal microorganismos ha un rolo in morbo de adjuvante. Le presente articulo reporta effortios de cultivar bacterios e organismos pleuropneumonioide ab afficite tissues e de transferer le morbo a recipientes normal. Nulle evidentia pro le presentia de un agente infectiose esseva obtenite.

Studies of arthritis and other lesions induced in rats by injection of mycobacterial adjuvant. IV. examination of tissues and fluids for infectious agents

PAGE PAGE Introduction . . . . . 27 Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents . . . . . 41 Historical outline . . . . 28 Immunological reactions . . 42 General characteristics Pathogenicity . . . . 43 Definition . . . . . 29 Classification and nomenclature . 30 Details of individual species Relationship to the . L-phase variants of bacteria . . Technical methods . . . Nutritional and growth requirements . . . . . Growth in the embryonated egg and in tissue culture . . Morphology. . . . . Biochemical properties. . . Other properties 32 34 35

The pleuropneumonia group of organisms: a review, together with some new observations.

General characteristics of the group; methods of study..................... 4 Bovine pleuropneumonia, and the etiological agent........................ 13 Agalactia of sheep and goats, and the etiological agent................... 16 Pleuropneumonia-like microorganisms of dogs; their relation to canine distemper........................................................... 18 Pleuropneumonia-like microorganisms of rats........................... 20 Pleuropneumonia-like micro6rganisms of mice............................ 23 Pleuropneumonia-like micro6rganisms of guinea-pigs..................... 31 Pleuropneumonia like micro6rganisms of man............................ 32 Pleuropneumonia-like microorganisms of sewage and decomposing matter.. 34 L1 and Streptobacillus moniliformis. Symbosis or variation?.......... 35 Filtrability and size of minimal reproductive units......................... 39 Toxigenicity and immunological reactions.................................. 41 Pathology.......................................................... 45 Effects of immune serums, vaccines, and chemotherapeutic agents. ..................48 Relation to viruses, and other ifitrable and nonifitrable microbes........... 52 Classification and nomenclature.......................6 . . . . . . ... 5

https://mmbr.asm.org/content/mmbr/5/1/1.full.pdf

The filtrable microorganisms of the pleuropneumonia group.

Mice injected intravenously with Mycoplasma arthritidis developed a chronic arthritis which persisted through at least 269 days. Rats similarly treated developed an acute short-term infection. The mouse disease was characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation and was proliferative in nature, gradually spreading to adjacent joints. M. arthritidis strain 158 P10 was found to be less arthritogenic for mice than for rats, but further passage of this strain in mice substantially increased its virulence. Unlike rats, mice appeared to be susceptible to a "toxin" of M. arthritidis and they developed a necrotic spreading abscess after subcutaneous administration of the organisms. Histopathological studies revealed that mice varied greatly in the degree of joint inflammation, destruction, and repair. The disease was characterized by (i) an initial acute phase with infiltration of the articular and periarticular tissues with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a mild hyperplasia of the synovial membrane; (ii) a mixed acute-chronic phase in which new areas of acute inflammation developed alongside areas of chronic lesions; (iii) a chronic phase followed which was characterized by massive synovial proliferation with mononuclear cell infiltration, irregularity in the articulating cartilage, pannus formation, and "punched out" defects in cortical bone near cartilagenous osseous junctures. The clinical course and histopathological characteristics of the chronic phase of mouse arthritis induced by M. arthritidis closely resembled those of rheumatoid arthritis of man.

https://iai.asm.org/content/iai/4/4/344.full.pdf

Chronic proliferative arthritis of mice induced by Mycoplasma arthritidis. I. Induction of disease and histopathological characteristics.

A filterable agent resembling the viruses is described. It was encountered in sarcoma 39, a propagable neoplasm of the white rat, and has now been maintained in this species for 28 passages over a period of some 7 months without appreciable loss in virulence. Its chief effect is the production of large abscesses in an animal species comparatively resistant both to viral diseases and suppuration. The white mouse is more susceptible than the white rat, the rabbit less so, and the guinea pig highly resistant. The agent has been repeatedly recovered from sarcoma 39 treated in special ways, but under the ordinary circumstances of routine transplantation it does not manifest itself. As yet there is no certainty on where it came from or how it maintains itself under natural conditions.

/pdf/a-pyogenic-filterable-agent-in-the-albino-rat-3xgz70ecka.pdf

A pyogenic filterable agent in the albino rat

Within the past few years there has arisen a renewed interest in that group of bacterial forms designated as the \"Pleuropneumonia Group,\" the prototype of which is Pleuropneumonia bovum, first described by Nocard and Roux in 1898, and for many years regarded as a virus because of its filterability. However, the cultivation of this organism on cell-free media, and the later complete description of a similar form as causing agalactia of sheep (Bridre and Donatien, 1925) removed them from this category. Of recent years the group has increased in number with some 20 different pleuropneumonia-like microorganisms being reported from highly varied sources. The common features which in general separate the pleuropneumonia organisms from the larger bacterial forms and filterable variants of the latter are: (1) A slow rate of growth, optimum for some strains being attained only after 4 to 6 days; (2) they require a high, 10-20 per cent, content of animal protein in the form of serum, etc., in the medium; (3) they stain poorly with the common aniline dyes but are well colored by the polychromatic stains, such as Giemsa; (4) morphologically they may exhibit a complex developmental cycle with asteroid, branching or granular forms being the predonminating elements. Although no exact determinations of their size have been made, the ability of these

Observations on Some Biological Characteristics of Organisms of the Pleuropneumonia Group

A pyogenic virus in the rat

SummaryThe addition of sulfanilamide to sterile broth or to cultures of the hemolytic streptococcus is accompanied by an elevation of the oxidation-reduction potential. This rise can be eliminated when the cocci are grown anaerobically or in cysteine broth. The addition of serum will slightly diminish this effect. Compounds related to sulfanilamide but lacking in bacteriostatic action are without effect upon the culture potentials. The relation of these potential effects to the action of the drug in streptococcal infections is discussed.

Influence of Sulfanilamide and Related Compounds Upon Oxidation-Reduction Potentials of the Hemolytic Streptococcus.

Shope (1) found that domestic rabbits bearing his papilloma were generally immune to reinoculation with the virus, an observation that has been amply confirmed by Kidd, Beard, and Rous (2, 3) and by Ladewig (4). Where the animals were not totally resistant the presence of a partial immunity was indicated by the development of but few warts at the site of the second inoculation and by an increase in the length of the incubation period.

Immunity was attributed by Shope to antibodies in the blood serum which generally neutralized the virus completely. According to Kidd, Beard, and Rous (3) these protective agencies develop within a few weeks after the warts appear and are roughly proportional, on the whole, to the area of skin involved. They prevent reinfection, but do not inhibit papillomas that are already established, the occasional regression of a wart being ascribed by Rous and Beard (5), and by Kidd (6), to some influence directed against the cell rather than against the virus itself.

The Retention of Immunizing Power by the Shope Papilloma after Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation

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