We are on the verge of ubiquitously adopting Augmented Reality (AR) technologies to enhance our percep- tion and help us see, hear, and feel our environments in new and enriched ways. AR will support us in fields such as education, maintenance, design and reconnaissance, to name but a few. This paper describes the field of AR, including a brief definition and development history, the enabling technologies and their characteristics. It surveys the state of the art by reviewing some recent applications of AR technology as well as some known limitations regarding human factors in the use of AR systems that developers will need to overcome.

/pdf/a-survey-of-augmented-reality-technologies-applications-and-3d9hf1tnc4.pdf

A Survey of Augmented Reality Technologies, Applications and Limitations

There are many different ways for people to be educated and trained with regard to specific information and skills they need. These methods include classroom lectures with textbooks, computers, handheld devices, and other electronic appliances. The choice of learning innovation is dependent on an individual’s access to various technologies and the infrastructure environment of a person’s surrounding. In a rapidly changing society where there is a great deal of available information and knowledge, adopting and applying information at the right time and right place is needed to main efficiency in both school and business settings. Augmented Reality (AR) is one technology that dramatically shifts the location and timing of education and training. This literature review research describes Augmented Reality (AR), how it applies to education and training, and the potential impact on the future of education.

Augmented Reality in Education and Training

Augmented Reality (AR) is an emerging form of experience in which the Real World (RW) is enhanced by computer-generated content tied to specific locations and/or activities. Over the last several years, AR applications have become portable and widely available on mobile de- vices. AR is becoming visible in our audio-visual media (e.g., news, entertainment, sports) and is beginning to enter other aspects of our lives (e.g., e-commerce, travel, marketing) in tangible and exciting ways. Facilitating ubiquitous learning, AR will give learners instant access to location- specific information compiled and provided by numerous sources (2009). Both the 2010 and 2011 Horizon Reports predict that AR will soon see widespread use on US college campuses. In prepa- ration, this paper offers an overview of AR, examines recent AR developments, explores the impact of AR on society, and evaluates the implications of AR for learning and education.

/pdf/augmented-reality-an-overview-and-five-directions-for-ar-in-38pzuiakdt.pdf

Augmented Reality: An Overview and Five Directions for AR in Education

A multimedia approach to the diffusion, communication, and exploitation of Cultural Heritage (CH) is a well-established trend worldwide. Several studies demonstrate that the use of new and combined media enhances how culture is experienced. The benefit is in terms of both number of people who can have access to knowledge and the quality of the diffusion of the knowledge itself. In this regard, CH uses augmented-, virtual-, and mixed-reality technologies for different purposes, including education, exhibition enhancement, exploration, reconstruction, and virtual museums. These technologies enable user-centred presentation and make cultural heritage digitally accessible, especially when physical access is constrained. A number of surveys of these emerging technologies have been conducted; however, they are either not domain specific or lack a holistic perspective in that they do not cover all the aspects of the technology. A review of these technologies from a cultural heritage perspective is therefore warranted. Accordingly, our article surveys the state-of-the-art in augmented-, virtual-, and mixed-reality systems as a whole and from a cultural heritage perspective. In addition, we identify specific application areas in digital cultural heritage and make suggestions as to which technology is most appropriate in each case. Finally, the article predicts future research directions for augmented and virtual reality, with a particular focus on interaction interfaces and explores the implications for the cultural heritage domain.

A Survey of Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality for Cultural Heritage

We present an educational application that allows users to interact with 3D web content using virtual and augmented reality (AR). This enables us to explore the potential benefits of Web3D and AR technologies in engineering education and learning. A lecturer’s traditional delivery can be enriched by viewing multimedia content locally or over the Internet, as well as in a table-top AR environment. The implemented framework is composed an XML data repository, an XML based communications server, and an XML based client visualisation application. In this paper we illustrate the architecture by configuring it to deliver multimedia content related to the teaching of mechanical engineering. We illustrate four mechanical engineering themes (machines, vehicles, platonic solids and tools) to demonstrate use of the system to support learning through Web3D.

http://www.wiete.com.au/journals/WTE&TE/Pages/Vol.3,%20No.1%20(2004)/04_Liarokapis.pdf

Web3D and Augmented Reality to support engineering education

This paper discusses four research projects currently running in the Centre for VLSI and Computer Graphics. These projects exploit a variety of state-of-the-art technologies, such as photogrammetry, 3D modeling, augmented and virtual reality, and multimedia applied to the educational and cultural heritage domains, while ensuring interoperability through the use of XML. Furthermore, our user-driven prototype approach facilitates the development of valid and exploitable virtual and augmented reality systems through the use of user trials and assessment and evaluation, thus closing the quality assurance loop.

Virtual and Augmented Reality Applied to Educational and Cultural Heritage Domains

This paper describes ARCOLite, our low cost XML based client-server architecture for building and presenting digital heritage content in virtual museums. Our system includes components for creation and refinement of virtual artefacts including virtual reconstruction of buildings; XML content management, XML technologies for content repositories and presentation; and content visualisation using Web3D, virtual and augmented reality

ARCOLite-an XML based system for building and presenting virtual museum exhibitions using Web3D and augmented reality

This paper describes an experimental augmented reality based system for overlaying computer generated information on the real world. Museum artefacts are digitised; 3D models are then created and rendered in an augmented reality environment providing the opportunity for museum visitors to visualise virtual artefacts in the context of real artefacts and other contextual information. Viewing 3D models, images and text in the same augmented environment enhances the museum visitor?s experience. Our work is focused on three areas: photo-realistic and efficient 3D modelling of museum artefacts; on the description of the artefacts and their digital representations through the use of XML based on metadata standards; and on the rendering and mixing of real objects with synthetic ones in real time performance. The potential of our system is illustrated through a simulation scenario developed on an experimental AR tabletop laboratory environment.

Augmented Reality for Museum Artefact Visualisation

This paper describes our lightweight prototype XML based client-server architecture for creating, managing and presenting virtual cultural exhibitions. ARCOLite provides a low cost solution for museums to assemble multimedia content into an XML archive for dynamic presentation locally or over the Internet extended with virtual and augmented reality visualization.

A lightweight XML driven architecture for the presentation of virtual cultural exhibitions (ARCOLite)

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