Waking the Tiger, Healing Trauma

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures.

The effectiveness of the arts-based psychotherapy methods may rely on offering tools for preverbal implicit processing, especially in work with traumatized clients. This can enhance clients’ self-soothing capacities, activate flow experiences in line with positive psychology, and change inner working models through memory reconsolidation. The arts-based psychotherapies offer expanded Windows of Tolerance through dual awareness, and concretizes the psychotherapist’s care in the therapeutic relationship, in line with psychodynamic psychotherapy. These methods activate the innate human ability to express and experience creativity, including beauty and awe. The arts in therapy offer a creative space of play where a new reality may be constructed and shared. The interventions are proposed to offer more than plain cognitive restructuring and behaviour activation (although they may lead to additional changes in these parameters). The clinical usefulness of the arts-based methods is reflected in relation to traumatized clients’ opinions of what has helped them. The potentially effective mechanisms in the arts-based psychotherapies ought to be further investigated in clinical work and research processes, thus, promoting the methods’ abilities to enhance clients’ well-being and change capability. \nList of abbreviations: ASC altered state of consciousness; AT art therapy; BMGIM Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music; CBT cognitive behavioural therapy; DMN default mode network; EMDR Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; AMT active music therapy; MT music therapy; PDT psychodynamic psychotherapy; PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder; RCT randomised controlled trial; RMT receptive music therapy; GrpMI Group Music and Imagery; WoT window of tolerance

/pdf/proposed-mechanisms-of-change-in-arts-based-psychoterapies-216416hzi9.pdf

Proposed Mechanisms of Change in Arts-based Psychoterapies

The Flash Technique is a new protocol for use in the preparation phase of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to quickly reduce the emotional intensity of traumatic memories, prior to full processing with EMDR. This report presents results from a Flash Technique group for five highly dissociative, currently sober addicts in a men's shelter. This group was an attempt to provide an affordable, trauma-focused intervention for the homeless. As part of the intake, each client met individually with the therapist for 30 minutes, to learn to use the flash technique to process a traumatic memory. Three inventories were used to measure treatment outcome: the Short PTSD Rating Interview (SPRINT), the Dissociative Experience Survey (DES-II), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Clients filled out the surveys 3 weeks before the start of the group and had their individual sessions 2 weeks before the start of the group. The DES and BDI-II were repeated at the beginning of the eighth session of the group. Clients' surveys showed a decline in scores after seven sessions of therapy: the DES scores dropped from 39.07 (standard deviation [ SD ] = 23.01) to 20.48 ( SD = 10.02) with d = 0.81 and the BDI-II scores dropped from 32.4 ( SD = 11.01) to 13.2 ( SD = 8.4) with d = 1.74. Pre- and 2-week posttreatment SPRINT surveys showed scores dropping from 28 [ SD = 2.05] pretreatment to 15.75 [ SD = 5.19] 2 weeks posttreatment, with d = 6.07.

Flash Technique Group Protocol for Highly Dissociative Clients in a Homeless Shelter: A Clinical Report

CASE HISTORYAt presentation to the Accident and Emergency Department, BJ was a 16-year-old boy in eleventh grade, with a one-month history of unusual sleep-related behaviors. As the latest example, BJ had awakened one morning to find a painful cut on his arm and a bloodied knife in the kitchen; he h

Ambushed by Memories of Trauma: Memory-Processing Interventions in an Adolescent Boy with Nocturnal Dissociative Episodes.

This article introduces the flash technique, a new technique used during the preparation phase of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to facilitate processing of intense, traumatic memories that clients might otherwise be resistant to access. Anecdotal evidence suggests that this technique may make it possible for clients to access these memories initially in a minimally disturbing way, reducing their emotional intensity so that they can then be more easily and fully processed using EMDR therapy. The technique appears to be easily tolerated by clients of all ages, including children; and to be rapid and relatively painless for clients, even those with particularly disturbing target memories; and can be easily taught to clinicians. It has the distinct feature that clients who are avoiding a terribly disturbing memory can be offered a way of processing it without having to bring it clearly to mind. Four case examples, in which the technique was used by four different clinicians, are presented briefly. Suggestions are made for further study. This article hypothesizes various mechanisms of action and discusses the effects in terms of memory reconsolidation theory.

Use of the Flash Technique in EMDR Therapy: Four Case Examples

Cet article présente la technique éclair, une nouvelle technique utilisée pendant la phase de préparation de la thérapie EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) pour faciliter le traitement de souvenirs traumatiques intenses auxquels les patients hésiteraient autrement à accéder. Les premières données, demeurant à confirmer, suggèrent que cette technique pourrait permettre aux patients d’accéder à ces souvenirs d’abord de manière la moins perturbante possible, réduisant leur intensité émotionnelle, afin de pouvoir ensuite les aborder plus pleinement et les traiter à l’aide de la thérapie EMDR. La technique semble aisément tolérée par les patients de tous âges, y compris les enfants ; elle paraît rapide et relativement indolore pour les patients, même ceux qui possèdent des souvenirs cibles particulièrement perturbants ; elle s’enseigne facilement aux cliniciens. Elle se distingue par le fait que les patients qui évitent un souvenir terriblement perturbant peuvent se voir offrir une façon de le traiter sans devoir le ramener clairement à l’esprit. Quatre exemples de cas, dans lesquels quatre cliniciens différents ont utilisé la technique, sont présentés brièvement. Des suggestions sont formulées pour des études à venir. Cet article présente des hypothèses pour expliquer divers mécanismes d’action et évoque les effets en termes de la théorie de reconsolidation mnésique.

/pdf/utilisation-de-la-technique-eclair-dans-la-therapie-emdr-2sym76bfeo.pdf

Utilisation de la technique éclair dans la thérapie EMDR : quatre exemples de cas

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Use of the Flash Technique in EMDR Therapy: Four Case Examples

Utilisation de la technique éclair dans la thérapie EMDR : quatre exemples de cas