In recent years, docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids (DHA-PLs) have attracted much attention because of theirs unique health benefits. Compared with other forms of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DHA-PLs possess superior biological effects (e.g., anticancer, lipid metabolism regulation, visual development, and brain and nervous system biochemical reactions), more intricate metabolism mechanisms, and a stronger attraction to consumer. The production of DHA-PLs is hampered by several challenges associated with the limited content of DHA-PLs in natural sources, incomplete utilization of by-products, few microorganisms for DHA-PLs production, high cost, and complex process of artificial preparation of DHA-PLs. In this article, the sources, biological activities, and commercial applications of DHA-PLs were summarized, with intensive discussions on advantages of DHA-PLs over DHA, isomerism of DHA in phospholipids (PLs), and brain health. The excellent biological characteristics of DHA-PLs are primarily concerned with DHA and PLs. The metabolic fate of different DHA-PLs varies from the position of DHA in PLs to polar groups in DHA-PLs. Overall, well understanding of DHA-PLs about their sources and characteristics is critical to accelerate the production of DHA-PLs, economically enhance the value of DHA-PLs, and improve the applicability of DHA-PLs and the acceptance of consumers.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1541-4337.12543

Advances in exogenous docosahexaenoic acid‐containing phospholipids: Sources, positional isomerism, biological activities, and advantages

A novel process for phosphatidylserine production using a Pichia pastoris whole-cell biocatalyst with overexpression of phospholipase D from Streptomyces halstedii in a purely aqueous system.

Advances in enzyme biocatalysis for the preparation of functional lipids.

Penicillium cyclopium lipase I (PCL) is a thermolabile triacylglycerol lipase with very low activity against monoacylglycerols, and there have been no reports on the transesterification of oil to produce biodiesel. A mutant PCLG47I with an improved thermostability was previously obtained through replacing Gly47 with Ile in PCL. In this study, a novel Pichia pastoris whole-cell biocatalyst (WCB) with overexpression of PCLG47I was constructed and characterized for biodiesel production from soybean oil. The optimum conditions for biodiesel preparation were 1 g soybean oil, 1 : 2 initial oil/methanol molar ratio with 3 times methanol addition of 1 : 0.75 oil/methanol molar ratio at 4 h intervals, 7% water content, 400 U lipase, temperature of 25 °C, and reaction time of 20 h. Under the optimum conditions, the FAME yield reached 60.7% and remained 47.3% after 4 batch cycles, and no glycerol was generated as a byproduct. These findings indicated that this WCB is a promising biocatalyst for biodiesel production in a relatively cost-effective manner. Additionally, the resulting enzymatic process may provide a potential method for biodiesel production at an industrial scale.

/pdf/development-of-a-pichia-pastoris-whole-cell-biocatalyst-with-xnojafqwaa.pdf

Development of a Pichia pastoris whole-cell biocatalyst with overexpression of mutant lipase I PCLG47I from Penicillium cyclopium for biodiesel production

A review of progress in o-aminobenzamide-based HDAC inhibitors with dual targeting capabilities for cancer therapy

Characterization of the recombinant porcine pancreas phospholipase A2 expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 and its application to synthesis of 2-DHA-PS

As an important epigenetic regulator, histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has become an attractive target for the discovery of anticancer agents. In this work, a series of tranylcypromine-based derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 12u exhibited the most potent inhibitory potency on LSD1 (IC50 = 25.3 nM), and also displayed good antiproliferative effects on MGC-803, KYSE450 and HCT-116 cells with IC50 values of 14.3, 22.8 and 16.3 μM, respectively. Further studies revealed that compound 12u could directly act on LSD1 and inhibit LSD1 in MGC-803 cells, thereby significantly increasing the expression levels of mono-/bi-methylation of H3K4 and H3K9. In addition, compound 12u could induce apoptosis and differentiation, inhibit migration and cell stemness in MGC-803 cells. All these findings suggested that compound 12u was an active tranylcypromine-based derivative as a LSD1 inhibitor that inhibited gastric cancer. 

Discovery of novel tranylcypromine-based derivatives as LSD1 inhibitors for gastric cancer treatment.

ALK-based dual inhibitors: Focus on recent development for non-small cell lung cancer therapy

Advances in light-controllable PROTACs: Design strategies, therapeutic applications and current challenges.

Hydrazide-based HDAC inhibitors and PROTAC degraders in drug discovery: Recent developments and therapeutic applications

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