Forest water-use efficiency: Effects of climate change and management on the coupling of carbon and water processes

Understanding the relationship between trunk sap flow and tree diameter is crucial for tree-stand transpiration upscaling and sap flow measurement strategy design, because of well-known tree-to-tree variations in sap flow metrics. However, whether and how this relationship will vary intra- and inter-annually, and the underlying mechanisms, are still poorly understood. We measured the sap flow of 126 trees throughout a six-year experiment (2016–2021) in a temperate poplar (Populus tomentosa) forest with five irrigation management regimes. Simultaneously, we also monitored meteorological factors, leaf area indices, and soil water contents. There was a great variability of both sap flux (SF) and sap flux density (SFD) across trees, and this variability tended to be larger in older stands. Patterns of the relationships between SF, SFD, and diameter at breast height (DBH) changed markedly from year to year. A nonlinear positive correlation (P < 0.001) between SF and DBH was found, except in 2016 when canopy closure did not occur. In contrast, no correlations between SFD and DBH were observed in most years, but their correlations became positive and linear in two wet years (2018, 2021) (P < 0.05). The power (Q) of DBH to explain tree-to-tree sap flow variations exhibited enormous change on both intra- and inter-annual scales, underpinned by different mechanisms. The potential transpiration demand of trees mainly determined the intra-annual variation of Q, but its effect depended on stand development, whereas the environmental water supply mostly controlled the inter-annual variation of Q. Based on these results, we provide some recommendations on sap flow measurement and stand transpiration estimation for pure tree plantations in water-limited regions. Our findings should assist the accurate prediction of stand water use in plantation forests of both poplar and other tree species. 

Long-term variation of the sap flow to tree diameter relation in a temperate poplar forest

Transcriptome and metabolome reveal the role of flavonoids in poplar resistance to poplar anthracnose

In the summer of 2022, climate change significantly affected several parts of the world, causing drought in many countries. Drought is a natural hazard considered a significant future challenge for society and agriculture. Due to climate change, drought is predicted to become more frequent, last longer, and be more intense. This study aims to assess the drought risk priorities and evaluate the efficient solutions/strategies worldwide to achieve drought resilience. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature screening was performed to identify the drought impacts on the agriculture sector and the most commonly used adaptation techniques. A well-designed survey that targeted drought experts across the world was designed where they ranked both the identified drought impacts and the associated potential solutions. Finally, a participatory integrated innovative approach utilizing the failure Modes and Effects Analysis and ‘Analytic Hierarchy Process (FMEA-AHP) was performed to assess the impact of drought risk factors and identify the best strategy accordingly. Results were presented to depict the drought effect on each agriculture sector in each county and even more in each geographical region worldwide. The research output provided a comprehensive vision of the drought risk priorities in each country with a direct link to reduction or adaptation strategies, which provide an efficient tool for the decision-maker and planner toward drought-resilient societies. 

Integrated innovative technique to assess and priorities risks associated with drought: Impacts, measures/strategies, and actions, global study

Xylem anatomical and hydraulic traits vary within crown but not respond to water and nitrogen addition in Populus tomentosa

Irrigation management in poplar (Populus spp.) plantations: A review

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Irrigation management in poplar (Populus spp.) plantations: A review