The expanding use of chitosan in sewage and sludge treatment processes raises concerns about its potential environmental impacts. However, investigations of the impacts of chitosan on sewage sludge anaerobic digestion where chitosan is present at substantial levels are sparse. This study therefore aims to fill this knowledge gap through both long-term and batch tests. The results showed that 4 g/kg total suspended solid (TSS) chitosan had no acute effects on methane production, but chitosan at 8-32 g/kg TSS inhibited methane production by 7.2-30.3%. Mass balance and metabolism of organic analyses indicated that chitosan restrained the transfer of organic substrates from solid phase to liquid phase, macromolecules to micromolecules, and finally to methane. Further exploration revealed that chitosan suppressed the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances of anaerobes by occupying the connection sites of indigenous carbohydrates and increased the mass transfer resistance between anaerobes and substrates, which thereby lowered the metabolic activities of anaerobes. Although chitosan could be partly degraded by anaerobes, it is much more persistent to be degraded compared with indigenous organics in sludge. Microbial community and key enzyme encoding gene analyses further revealed that the inhibition of chitosan to CO2-dependent methanogenesis was much severer than that to acetate-dependent methanogenesis.

How Does Chitosan Affect Methane Production in Anaerobic Digestion

Fast identification of fluorescent components in three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra via deep learning

Metatranscriptomic insights of the metabolic process enhancement during food wastes fermentation driven by linear alkylbenzene sulphonates

As a frequently used product with antimicrobial activity, consumed allicin might be discharged and concentrated in waste-activated sludge (WAS). However, the influence of allicin (as an exogenous pollutant) on WAS fermentation has not been clearly revealed. This study aimed to disclose the impacts of allicin on volatile fatty acid (VFA) generation during WAS fermentation. The results showed that the appropriate presence of allicin (10 mg/g TSS) significantly enhanced the VFA yield (1894 versus 575 mg COD/L in the control) with increased acetate proportion (24.3%). Further exploration found that allicin promoted WAS solubilization, hydrolysis and acidification simultaneously. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the key genes involved in extracellular hydrolysis metabolism (i.e., CAZymes), membrane transport (i.e., gtsA and ytfT), substrate metabolism (i.e., yhdR and pfkC) and fatty acid synthesis (i.e., accA and accD) were all highly expressed. Allicin also induced the bacteria to produce more signalling molecules and regulate cellular functions, thereby enhancing the microbial adaptive and regulatory capacity to the unfavourable environment. Moreover, the variations in fermentative microbes and their contributions to the upregulation of functional genes (i.e., ytfR, gltL, INV, iolD and pflD) for VFA generation were disclosed. Overall, the simultaneous stimulation of functional microbial abundances and metabolic activities contributed to VFA production in allicin-conditioned reactors.

Mechanisms of allicin exposure for the sludge fermentation enhancement: Focusing on the fermentation processes and microbial metabolic traits

Oyster shells improve anaerobic dark fermentation performances of food waste: Hydrogen production, acidification performances, and microbial community characteristics.

aCollege of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China bKey Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, Tel. +86 25 83787935; Fax: +86 25 83786701; emails: rrjgrad@163.com (R. Ruan), caojiashun@163.com (J. Cao), 272806593@qq.com (Q. Zhang), 785590266@qq.com (Y. Wu), 1139330725@qq.com (C. Zhao), luojy2016@hhu.edu.cn (J. Luo), xzhx223@163.com (Z. Xue) cCollege of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

Performance evaluation of combining microaerobic desulphurization with addition of rusty scrap iron (RSI) during waste-activated sludge digestion

The invention discloses a method for efficiently producing volatile fatty acid by the combined anaerobic fermentation of vinasse and sludge. The method comprises the following steps: 1) mixing vinassewaste and sludge to obtain anaerobic fermentation substrate; 2) filling a reactor with nitrogen to remove oxygen, sealing the reactor, utilizing mechanical stirring to evenly mix reaction system substances, controlling a fermentation pH (Potential of Hydrogen) value and temperature, and carrying out the anaerobic fermentation. According to the method, the resource utilization of the sludge and the vinasse can be realized, short chain fatty acid with a high utilization value is produced, meanwhile, the reduction and the harmlessness of the sludge and the vinasse can be realized, and environment pollution is lightened.

Method for efficiently producing volatile fatty acid by combined anaerobic fermentation of vinasse and sludge

Macadamia nut shells (MNS), an abundant forestry residue rich in cellulose and lignin, were amino modified to adsorb reactive brilliant red (K-2BP). The raw MNS, and the ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine modified MNS (EMNS, DMNS, and TMNS) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, laser particle sizer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of pH on the adsorption process of K-2BP was studied and combined with the zeta potential analysis. The adsorption mechanism was explained. The K-2BP dye adsorption capacity decreased as pH increased. Results showed that TMNS had the highest adsorption capacity due to a higher pHPZC which implied a more positive surface charge and more amine and secondary amine on the surface. Thermodynamic analysis verified that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption kinetics of these modified adsorbents was well matched with pseudo-second-order equation, indicating that the adsorption process is chemical adsorption. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the adsorption processes of K-2BP dye onto four kinds of adsorbents. The Freundlich model showed the best statistics, which meant the adsorption of K-2BP onto adsorbents from the aqueous solutions was constant with a monolayer formation.

/pdf/a-study-of-adsorption-of-reactive-brilliant-red-k-2bp-by-17otfy1b4s.pdf

A study of adsorption of Reactive Brilliant Red (K-2BP) by amino-modified macadamia nut shells

A preliminary metatranscriptomic insight of eggshells conditioning on substrates metabolism during food wastes anaerobic fermentation.

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Performance evaluation of combining microaerobic desulphurization with addition of rusty scrap iron (RSI) during waste-activated sludge digestion

Method for efficiently producing volatile fatty acid by combined anaerobic fermentation of vinasse and sludge

A study of adsorption of Reactive Brilliant Red (K-2BP) by amino-modified macadamia nut shells

A preliminary metatranscriptomic insight of eggshells conditioning on substrates metabolism during food wastes anaerobic fermentation.