Owing to the favorable properties of self-compacting concrete and light-weight aggregate concrete, the development of self-compacting concrete is an engineering excellence, although its application in civil engineering is limited due to a lack of in-depth research. The current review aimed to provide a detailed study of lightweight self-compacting concrete containing several types of natural and sustainable lightweight aggregates. As a primary constituent of lightweight self-compacting concrete, lightweight aggregates are mainly responsible for variation in strength and bulk density of concrete. The impact of different types of lightweight aggregate and other influential factors on workability, strength, and durability have been carefully discussed in this study which shows it is possible to develop lightweight self-compacting concrete even below the 1000 kg/m3 density. In addition, lightweight self-compacting concrete shows excellent frost resistance. The study is a novel initiative to accumulate findings of lightweight self-compacting concrete for its broad acceptance, and future scope of work. 

Lightweight self-compacting concrete: A review

Self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete and its properties: A review

The use of ultra-lightweight high strength concrete (ULHSC) for prefabricated structures has been recognized as a promising method of construction. Adding fibres commonly enhances the mechanical properties of ULHSC but increases its density. In order to balance the strength and self-weight of ULHSC with different fibres, an extensive investigation was carried out to understand the effects of fibre incorporation on ULHSC made with fly ash cenospheres. This study focuses on the dynamic compressive response and failure mechanism of ULHSC with varied fibre contents. Impact tests were conducted by using a Φ100-mm splitting Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus with different strain rates ranging from approximately 20 s−1 to 120 s−1. The results showed that the compressive properties of ULHSC exhibited a strong strain rate dependency, and the addition of fibres increased the strain rate sensitivity of ULHSC, especially at high strain rates. It was interesting to find that the dynamic compressive strength increased with increasing fibre content, and the dynamic increase factor (DIF) showed the same tendency. These findings indicated that the tested ULHSC with 1 vol% end-hooked steel fibre maintained an excellent balance between the dynamic strength and density. Finally, a recalibrated model considering the effect of fibres was proposed to predict the DIFs of ULHSCs under impact loads. 

Effects of fibres on ultra-lightweight high strength concrete: Dynamic behaviour and microstructures

Lightweight cementitious composite has been used in construction for thousand years. However, before the Second World War, lightweight concrete was mainly limited to non-loadbearing blocks. With the increasingly demanding requirements of modern construction, especially in harsh environments, there is an urgent need to develop high strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC) capable of loading bearing purposes. The adoptions of supplementary cementitious materials, high-quality lightweight materials and fibers contribute to developing HSLWC, which enable the production of structural components. Numerous studies have been conducted on HSLWC with a compressive strength exceeding 40 MPa and a density below 2000 kg/m3. This paper aims to provide an in-depth review of HSLWC, covering its development strategies, functional and durability properties, and structural applications. Particular emphasis is given to the emerging technology of ultra high-performance lightweight concrete, characterized by low density, ultra high strength and superior durability. Compared to normal weight concrete, HSLWC offers better thermal insulation and fire resistance. The use of HSLWC in structures can increase load capacity and span, reduce seismic inertial forces, and improve structural efficiency. Numerous research and projects have demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of using HSLWC in various construction fields, including high-rise buildings, bridges and offshore structures. The excellent in-service performance of HSLWC in marine structures highlights its durability. To expand the applications of HSLWC in civil engineering, the paper proposes current opportunities and challenges that should be addressed to attract more attentions and foster further research in this area. 

Recent advances in high strength lightweight concrete: From development strategies to practical applications

Compressive behaviours, splitting properties, and workability of lightweight cement concrete: The role of fibres

Study on mixture design method and mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete

Flexural toughness and evaluation method of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete

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Study on mixture design method and mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete

Flexural toughness and evaluation method of steel fiber reinforced self-compacting lightweight aggregate concrete