Collaborative manufacturing technologies of structure shape and surface integrity for complex thin-walled components of aero-engine: Status, challenge and tendency

Microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy K-TIG welded joints

Implant-related follow up complications resulting from poor implant integration, delamination, chipping, mechanical instability, inflammation or graft-vs-host reaction may lead to low patient tolerance, prolonged care and sometimes leading to a second surgery. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing biomaterials which will help to overcome the above compatibility problems. Ti based alloys have been widely used for biomedical applications, due to their excellent properties, such as low modulus, high biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance. In order to further improve the physical, mechanical and tribological properties of these alloys, microstructural modification is often required. Hence, this study aims to develop and evaluate the structural and tribological behavior of Hot Isostatic Pressed (HIPed) and sintered Ti-6Al-7Nb samples containing niobium, which is less toxic and less expensive as compared to the usual alloying element, vanadium (Ti-6Al-4 V). The Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys were fabricated by using nanoparticle powders milled for different durations (2, 6, 12 and 18 h) to evaluate the effect of milling time on the morphological and structural properties. Friction and wear tests were carried out on the (HIPed) and finally sintered Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy samples, to evaluate their tribological properties under different applied loads (2, 8 and 16 N), with an alumina α-Al2O3 ball as a counter face using an oscillating tribometer. The physical characterization of the nanopowders formed using different milling times indicated that the particle and crystallite size continually decreased with increasing milling time, while the microstrain increased. It is observed that the friction coefficient and wear rate for the samples prepared by powders milled for 18 h and tested under 2 N were lowest with values of 0.25 and 1.51 × 10−2 μm3∙N-1 μm-1, respectively compared to other milled samples. This improvement in tribological properties is attributed to the grain refinement at high milling times. The antibacterial evaluation of the fabricated alloys showed an improvement in antibacterial performance of the samples milled at 18 h compared to the other milling times.

Structural, tribological and antibacterial properties of (α + β) based ti-alloys for biomedical applications

Titanium alloys are excellent candidates for structural components submitted to high temperature owing to their high strength to weight ratio, good corrosion resistance and metallurgical stability. Due to the complex service conditions of spacecraft, the creep property of titanium alloy has been recognized. The microstructural evolution, mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V-xSi-ySc alloys have been investigated. Alloys were prepared by three times vacuum arc remelting followed forging, rolling and heat treatment at 950 °C/0.5 h/AC and 510 °C/5 h/AC. Then specimens were subjected to uniaxial tensile and creep test. The strengthening and creep resistance mechanism of the alloys were analyzed. The results shown that the grain sizes of alloys were refined significantly by Sc and Si addition. The Si and Sc plays a role in grain refinement and solid solution strengthening. At the same time, the alloy matrix was purified due to the formation of Sc2O3 particles. The Si and Sc addition improve the creep resistance comparing the base alloy. This can be attributed to the strengthening of solid solution of Si and the silicide also have the inhibiting effect on the dislocation movement during creep. Si promote the diffusion of V and suppress the formation of α2 phase. Sc in titanium alloy has three forms, some of which are solid-dissolved, some of which form Sc2O3, and some of which form horseshoe-shaped Al3Sc. The formation of Al3Sc particles is helpful to improve the creep properties of titanium alloy. Sc can inhibit the precipitation of silicide and promote the formation of α2 phase, which are helpful to improve the creep resistance of titanium alloy.

Effects of scandium and silicon addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Effect of grain size on high-temperature stress relaxation behavior of fine-grained TC4 titanium alloy

Stress relaxation tests were performed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy with different grain sizes at 660 ℃. Based on classical Maxwell exponential decay function, a revised model following the time-hardening rule and corresponding method were proposed to describe the stress relaxation behavior. The stress exponent was calculated using a classical function based on Arrhenius and Norton equations. The microstructure as well as stress exponent analysis show that main deformation mechanism of as-received Ti-6Al-4V sheet is grain rotation combining with grain boundary sliding for accommodation. For the coarser-grained sheet, dislocation movement including dislocation sliding and climb or even dynamic recovery and recrystallization become predominated ones. The combining effect of grain rotation/grain boundary sliding and dislocation movement are the major mechanism for medium-grained sheet. Nevertheless, the relationship between stress relaxation limit and grain size indicates almost linear.

Investigation on high-temperature stress relaxation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V sheet

The effect of temperature and cyclic loading on stress relaxation (SR) behavior of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy was studied by uniaxial tensile test. SR limit and rate vary with increasing the temperature and cyclic loading times. The microstructural variations were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Unstable SR behavior happens at 450–550 °C, which becomes obvious with the increase of cyclic loading times or the decrease of relaxation temperature. The stress instability maybe attributes to the activation energy improvement. Based on dislocation distribution and morphology as well as stress exponent values varying from 1.8 to 2.4, SR mechanism of the alloy is dislocation creep in the tested temperature range. The mechanical properties of the alloy at room temperature almost maintains invariable after SR process. However, the discontinuous yielding in as-received alloy changes to continuous yielding in relaxed ones.

Effect of temperature and cyclic loading on stress relaxation behavior of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy

High temperature creep behavior of hydrogenated Ti-6Al-4V alloy

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Investigation on high-temperature stress relaxation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V sheet

Effect of grain size on high-temperature stress relaxation behavior of fine-grained TC4 titanium alloy

Effect of temperature and cyclic loading on stress relaxation behavior of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy

High temperature creep behavior of hydrogenated Ti-6Al-4V alloy