Since environmental pollution caused by chemical and energy industries
has increased for several decades, there is a social expectation that
scientists and engineers try to design sustainable chemical processes, to
generate less hazardous materials and more environmentally friendly sources of
energy production. In this review the roles of Ionic Liquids (ILs) and IL based solvent
systems as proposed alternative for conventional organic solvents are
described. Since there are already many reviews on benefits of ILs, after a very brief
review of ILs we focus mostly on aspects that are not covered in other reviews,
in particular the known limits of these solvents. In addition, different methods to
measure the physicochemical properties relevant to their use in energy storage
applications such as fuel cells and batteries are introduced. The physicochemical properties
that are reviewed are thermal properties, conductivity and chemical reactivity.
The focus of the review is on the literature after 2008, with the exception of
some important historic articles on ILs.

/pdf/a-review-of-ionic-liquids-their-limits-and-applications-1ut7t3zjqn.pdf

A Review of Ionic Liquids, Their Limits and Applications

A novel sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquid catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 10,11-dihydrochromeno[4,3-b]chromene-6,8(7H,9H)-dione derivatives in water

The efficiency in the catalytic performance of halogen free functionalized room-temperature Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs), having different acidities (due to the ILs containing zero, a single, and or a double –SO3H functional group), for the esterification of n-butanol with acetic acid under various reaction conditions was investigated. The synthesized BAILs have much weaker corrosiveness than that of H2SO4. The nature of both counter anion and cation as well as the presence of additional functional (–SO3H) groups influenced the behavior of the catalyst. Interestingly, the acidic character of the ILs facilitates the reaction under extremely mild conditions, with a short reaction time, and reduction in the side reactions; moreover, the liquid–liquid biphasic reaction mode leads to good yields. The physicochemical properties of these BAILs were characterized by a variety of different analytical and spectroscopic techniques, such as NMR, FT-IR, mass spectrometry, TGA, and UV-vis spectroscopy for the determination of Hammett acidity. In particular, IL-5 having the highest acidity demonstrated excellent catalytic activity for esterification. An additional advantage of BAILs is the simple procedure for the separation of product and catalyst, where the catalysts can be easily recycled without the loss of catalytic activities, making IL-5 an important alternative catalyst for a commercially viable esterification process.

/pdf/efficient-esterification-of-n-butanol-with-acetic-acid-50stldqhlh.pdf

Efficient esterification of n -butanol with acetic acid catalyzed by the Brönsted acidic ionic liquids: influence of acidity

It is very attractive that noncorrosive Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) are used as catalysts in liquid catalyst-based reactive distillation columns, which avoids the technical difficulties raised from solid catalysts or corrosive mineral acids. The kinetics for the esterification of n-butanol with acetic acid using noncorrosive BAILs as catalysts was therefore studied systemically, to explore the possibility of BAIL-based catalytic distillation processes. The effects of various parameters such as temperature, catalyst loading, and molar ratio of the reactants on the kinetics were examined in detail, and a pseudohomogeneous (PH) kinetic model was used successfully to correlate the experimental data. The kinetic data are for the first time used to interpret clearly the synergistic effect resulted from the acidity and hydrophilicity of BAILs. It is also validated from the comparison of esterification kinetics between noncorrosive BAILs and Amberlyst-15 resin (a commonly used solid catalyst of strong a...

Kinetics for the Esterification Reaction of n-Butanol with Acetic Acid Catalyzed by Noncorrosive Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids

Biodiesel production from Camptotheca acuminata seed oil catalyzed by novel Brönsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquid

Effects of acidity and immiscibility of lactam-based Bronsted-acidic ionic liquids on their catalytic performance for esterification

Brønsted acidic ionic liquid as an efficient and recyclable promoter for hydroesterification of olefins catalyzed by a triphenylphosphine–palladium complex

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Effects of acidity and immiscibility of lactam-based Bronsted-acidic ionic liquids on their catalytic performance for esterification

Brønsted acidic ionic liquid as an efficient and recyclable promoter for hydroesterification of olefins catalyzed by a triphenylphosphine–palladium complex