Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has gained remarkable acceptance as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst with a distinctive 2D structure and great stability. Owing to its superior features, g-C3N4 has been engaged in various scientific activities for environmental pollution abatement, production and storage of energy, and gas sensors. However, the visible-light efficiency of pure g-C3N4 is very poor and its separation from the phototreated systems is difficult. The most promising method to improve the photocatalytic activity and facilitate separation process is to introduce a magnetic compound over the g-C3N4 sheets. This review has mainly focused on the recent advancement in fabrication, characterization and application of magnetic g-C3N4-based nanocomposites. Accordingly, four primary g-C3N4-based nanocomposites are discussed based on the type of integrated magnetic material. The effects on the structure, physico-chemical properties, photocatalytic activity towards degradation of pollutants, hydrogen generation, solid phase extraction, lithium-ion batteries, gas sensors, and supercapacitors are also discussed in detail.

Review on magnetically separable graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposites as promising visible-light-driven photocatalysts

Photocatalytic application of spinel ferrite nanoparticles and nanocomposites in wastewater treatment: Review

Enhanced persulfate-mediated photocatalytic oxidation of bisphenol A using bioelectricity and a g-C3N4/Fe2O3 heterojunction

As a green and efficient sorbent, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) with aromatic tri-s-triazine units has shown great potential for the enrichment or removal of metal ions and organic aromatic compounds, which makes it a promising candidate to complement graphenes in analytical chemistry. The in-built N-rich functional groups and electronic delocalization properties endow g-C 3 N 4 with complex sorption mechanism, containing complexion, hydrogen bond, redox reaction, π – π conjugation, hydrophobic effect, acid-base reaction and electrostatic interaction. The structure and surface physicochemical properties related to the sorption behavior are mainly depended on the preparation and sorption conditions, such as polymerization temperature, polymerization precursors, the solution pH and ionic strength. As a new sorbent, g-C 3 N 4 has been applied to the sample pretreatment in analytical chemistry with solid-phase extraction (SPE), magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) modes, recently. At the same time, a series of modification methods and technologies have been exploited to modify the structural and surface physicochemical properties of g-C 3 N 4 , facilitating more effective and selective sorption process. To raise awareness of the superior properties of g-C 3 N 4 and facilitate its applications as a sorbent in analytical chemistry, the sorption properties (sorption mechanism, influence factors of sorption behavior), applications to the sample pretreatment and structural modifications of g-C 3 N 4 are reviewed.

Advances and applications of graphitic carbon nitride as sorbent in analytical chemistry for sample pretreatment: A review

Comprehensive review on advanced reusability of g-C3N4 based photocatalysts for the removal of organic pollutants.

Synthesis of Fe3O4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites and their application in the photodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol under visible light

We have developed a facile in-situ growth method for the deposition of magnetite (Fe3O4) particles on the surface of a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheet. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The high affinity of g-C3N4 for phenolic acids in combination with the magnetism of Fe3O4 provides an efficient means for magnetic solid phase extraction. The adsorption, desorption and recoveries were examined. Under optimized conditions, the method has limits of detection in the range from 17.5–42.6 ng mL−1 (at an S/N of 3), and precisions from 2.8–3.8 % (for n = 5). The method was successfully applied to the determination of protocatechuic, caffeic, and ferulic acids in Salicornia herbacea L. plant extracts. Recoveries ranged from 92.4–99.5 %.

Synthesis of a graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite with magnetite as a sorbent for solid phase extraction of phenolic acids

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Synthesis of Fe3O4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites and their application in the photodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol under visible light

Synthesis of a graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite with magnetite as a sorbent for solid phase extraction of phenolic acids