This work assesses the current instrumentation, method development, and applications in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), collectively referred to as countercurrent separation (CCS). The article provides a critical review of the CCS literature from 2007 since our last review (J. Nat. Prod. 2008, 71, 1489–1508), with a special emphasis on the applications of CCS in natural products research. The current state of CCS is reviewed in regard to three continuing topics (instrumentation, solvent system development, theory) and three new topics (optimization of parameters, workflow, bioactivity applications). The goals of this review are to deliver the necessary background with references for an up-to-date perspective of CCS, to point out its potential for the natural product scientist, and thereby to induce new applications in natural product chemistry, metabolome, and drug discovery research involving organisms from terrestrial and marine sources.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/np501065h

Countercurrent Separation of Natural Products: An Update.

Coumarins are the largest group of 1-benzopyran derivatives found in plants. The initial member of this group of compounds, coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), a fragrant colorless compound, was first isolated from the Tonka bean (Dipteryx odorata, family Fabaceae) in 1820. The name coumarin comes from a French term for the tonka bean, coumarou. Since the discovery of coumarin, several of its derivatives, with umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin) being the most common one, have been reported from various natural sources. The families Apiaceae, Asteraceae, and Rutaceae are the three major plant sources of coumarins.

Progress in the Chemistry of Naturally Occurring Coumarins.

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Sanyeqing) root tuber extracts induces apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells

Hinokinin is a lignan isolated from several plant species that has been recently investigated in order to establish its biological activities. So far, its cytotoxicity, its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities have been studied. Particularly interesting is its notable anti-trypanosomal activity.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/9/14862/pdf

Hinokinin, an Emerging Bioactive Lignan

The health benefits and toxicity of plant products are largely dependent on their secondary metabolite contents. These compounds are biosynthesized by plants as protection mechanisms against environmental factors and infectious agents. This review discusses the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and health benefits of plant species in genus Zanthoxylum with a focus on cancer, microbial and parasitic infections, and sickle cell disease as reported in articles published from 1970 to 2021 in peer-reviewed journals and indexed in major scientific databases. Generally, Z. species are widely distributed in Asia, America and Africa, where they are used as food and for disease treatment. Several compounds belonging to alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and lignans, among others have been isolated from Z. species. This review discusses the biological activities reported for the plant species and their phytochemicals, including anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-trypanosomal, antimalarial and anti-sickling properties. The safety profiles and suggestions for conservation of the Z. species were also discussed. Taken together, this review demonstrates that Z. species are rich in a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals with multiple health benefits, but more research is needed towards their practical application in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals and lead compounds for new drugs.

/pdf/zanthoxylum-species-a-review-of-traditional-uses-24wgkb7r8e.pdf

Zanthoxylum Species: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology in Relation to Cancer, Infectious Diseases and Sickle Cell Anemia.

Separation of the potential G-quadruplex ligands from the butanol extract of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc. by countercurrent chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography.

□ Luvangetin, a coumarin compound was separated from the extract of stem bark of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc. by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) using a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (2:2:2:1, v/v). Its chemical structural was elucidated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and 13C NMR. The ethanol extract of the stem bark of Z. ailanthoides was fractioned by extraction with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol successively. The petroleum ether fraction was subjected to further CPC separation. From 500 mg of petroleum ether extract, 20.6 mg of high pure (99% by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis) luvangetin was obtained in about 30 min.

Preparative separation of luvangetin from zanthoxylum ailanthoides sieb. & zucc. by centrifugal partition chromatography

Isolation of anti-tumor compounds from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc. by silica gel column and counter-current chromatography.

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Separation of the potential G-quadruplex ligands from the butanol extract of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc. by countercurrent chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography.

Preparative separation of luvangetin from zanthoxylum ailanthoides sieb. & zucc. by centrifugal partition chromatography

Isolation of anti-tumor compounds from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc. by silica gel column and counter-current chromatography.