Design procedures of Jaumann and circuit analog absorbers are mostly formulated for normal angle of incidence. Only a few design methods considering oblique angle of incidence are published. The published methods are restricted to single resistive layer circuit analog absorbers or multilayered Jaumann absorbers with low permittivity spacers. General design procedures are developed in this paper for multilayered Jaumann and capacitive circuit absorbers. By expanding the scan and frequency compensation techniques to multilayered structures, Jaumann absorbers with outstanding performances are designed. A capacitive circuit absorber is presented with a stable frequency response up to 45 Degrees for both polarizations, having an ultra wide bandwidth of 26 GHz. (Less)

/pdf/multilayered-wideband-absorbers-for-oblique-angle-of-5g2xy5z2qq.pdf

Multilayered wideband absorbers for oblique angle of incidence

A frequency-selective rasorber (FSR) with a high selectivity transmission passband and two absorption bands is proposed in this letter. The design method is introduced based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM). This structure consists of a lossy layer and a lossless layer. The lossy layer is composed of Jerusalem elements with a parallel resonance unit in center, and load with resistors on the metal branch. The lossless layer is integrated by a multilayer frequency selective surface to realize the high selectivity and wide transmission band. The surface current distributions and surface loss density were illustrated to explain the working principle. The simulated results show that the 1 dB transmission window is obtained from 7.9 to 9.0 GHz. The −10 dB absorption bands are over 3.3–7.1 GHz and 9.4–12.0 GHz. A prototype of the proposed FSR was fabricated and measured to verify our design; the measured results show a good agreement with simulated results.

High-Selectivity Frequency-Selective Rasorber Based on Low-Profile Bandpass Filter

In this article, a frequency-selective surface (FSS) rasorber based on four metallic FSS functional layers is proposed. The rasorber consists of two metallic FSS absorption layers, two metallic FSS transmission layers, and four corresponding dielectric isolation layers. The top absorption layer and third absorption layer are applied to generate a wide absorption band at high frequency and low frequency, respectively. The second and bottom transmission layers are adopted to generate a low-pass transmission band and bandpass transmission band, respectively. The multilayer structure of the rasorber guarantees the great span, broad bandwidth, and stable scattering characteristics. Moreover, we adopt the equivalent circuit model (ECM), surface current distribution, and loss distribution to comprehend the physical mechanism of the rasorber. The simulated results show that the transmission is −0.67 dB at 6.5 GHz, and the reflection below −10 dB ranges 1.5–4.6 and 9.2–13.7 GHz. To validate our design, we fabricated and measured the prototypes, and the measurement results show reasonable agreement with the simulated results.

A Frequency-Selective Surface Rasorber Based on Four Functional Layers

Frequency selective rasorbers with wide passband have been investigated for the stealth of wideband antennas over the past few years. However, the wide passband degrades its in-band stealth performance. Therefore, in this work, a switchable wide-passband rasorber, whose passband can be switched into absorption band, is proposed utilizing a frequency-selective surface (FSS) and two resistive layers. First, a switchable second-order FSS is presented and the design of switchable resistive layer with wide passband is analyzed. Second, the reactance variation of the low- $Q$ resonator in switchable resistive layer during the switching process is investigated to elaborate its effects on the out-of-band absorption performance of rasorber. Third, a nonswitchable resistive layer is designed to improve out-of-band absorption. Simulated results indicate that in rasorbing state the proposed single-polarized device exhibits a passband from 3.5 to 4.8 GHz (31%) with insertion loss less than $-$ 1 dB and a low-reflection band from 0.93 to 7.16 GHz (154%). In absorbing state, the passband is eliminated and the device exhibits a wide low-reflection band from 0.96 to 6.85 GHz (150.8%).

A Switchable Frequency Selective Rasorber With Wide Passband

In this article, the frequency-selective rasorber (FSR) built on multilayer resistive sheets, which achieves a broad absorption band, was proposed. First, the detailed analysis of the absorption and transmission performance for FSR with the single-layer/multilayer resistive sheets based on the equivalent circuit model (ECM) was demonstrated, which proved that the FSR with the multilayer resistive sheets can obtain a broader absorption band. Second, the multilayer resonator (MR) of a smaller size and higher design freedom compared with single-layer resonator was proposed. Then, the FSR on the basis of multilayer resistive sheets using MR was designed. It consists of the three-layered metallic structures and separated by an air spacer. For the top and middle layers, the lumped-resistor-loaded metallic dipole with the MR inserted into the center was applied to generate a wide absorption band and transparent window, respectively. For the bottom layer, the square-slot frequency-selective surface was optimized to match the transmission band of the resistive sheet. Simulated and measured results show that the broad absorption band and transmission band with low insertion loss have been realized, and the proposed FSR yields the widest relative bandwidth <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert S_{11}\vert \le -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB of 145.2%. 

Broadband Absorptive Frequency-Selective Rasorber Based on Multilayer Resistive Sheets Using Multilayer Resonator

Frequency selective rasorber (FSR) is a special absorber with a transmission window. Due to the characteristics of in-band transmission and out-of-band absorption, FSR is considered as a candidate for stealth radome. By breaking through the technical barrier of traditional FSR transmission windows design, we implement a double lossy layers FSR for the first time in public reports. The FSR is configured by cascading two lossy layers above a lossless layer with two air spaces to separate them. It has two independent absorption bands, which are provided by their lossy layers, respectively. Therefore, it has a broader bandwidth and more stable absorption characteristics. We adopted the equivalent circuit model (ECM), surface current distribution, and loss distribution to comprehend the physical mechanism of the FSR. We fabricated and measured the FSR prototypes to validate the proposed design. The simulated results show that the transmission is −0.78 dB at 6.3 GHz, and the −10 dB reflection is 2.5–14.6 GHz. The measured results achieve a significant agreement with the simulated results. Under the universal guideline, new FSR could do better in terms of absorption bandwidth and scattering stability. It has significance to the engineering progress of FSR acting as a stealth radome in antenna system.

Design of a Wideband Absorption Frequency Selective Rasorber Based on Double Lossy Layers

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Design of a Wideband Absorption Frequency Selective Rasorber Based on Double Lossy Layers