Blockchain technologies have grown in prominence in recent years, with many experts citing the potential applications of the technology in regard to different aspects of any industry, market, agency, or governmental organizations. In the brief history of blockchain, an incredible number of achievements have been made regarding how blockchain can be utilized and the impacts it might have on several industries. The sheer number and complexity of these aspects can make it difficult to address blockchain potentials and complexities, especially when trying to address its purpose and fitness for a specific task. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of applying blockchain as a service for applications within today’s information systems. The survey gives the reader a deeper perspective on how blockchain helps to secure and manage today information systems. The survey contains a comprehensive reporting on different instances of blockchain studies and applications proposed by the research community and their respective impacts on blockchain and its use across other applications or scenarios. Some of the most important findings this survey highlights include the fact that blockchain’s structure and modern cloud- and edge-computing paradigms are crucial in enabling a widespread adaption and development of blockchain technologies for new players in today unprecedented vibrant global market. Ensuring that blockchain is widely available through public and open-source code libraries and tools will help to ensure that the full potential of the technology is reached and that further developments can be made concerning the long-term goals of blockchain enthusiasts.

A Survey on Blockchain for Information Systems Management and Security

One of the most important discoveries and creative developments that is playing a vital role in the professional world today is blockchain technology. Blockchain technology moves in the direction of persistent revolution and change. It is a chain of blocks that covers information and maintains trust between individuals no matter how far they are. In the last couple of years, the upsurge in blockchain technology has obliged scholars and specialists to scrutinize new ways to apply blockchain technology with a wide range of domains. The dramatic increase in blockchain technology has provided many new application opportunities, including healthcare applications. This survey provides a comprehensive review of emerging blockchain-based healthcare technologies and related applications. In this inquiry, we call attention to the open research matters in this fast-growing field, explaining them in some details. We also show the potential of blockchain technology in revolutionizing healthcare industry.

Blockchain Technology in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review and Directions for Future Research

Today's healthcare data management systems are facing key challenges in terms of data transparency, traceability, immutability, audit, data provenance, flexible access, trust, privacy, and security. Also, a large portion of existing healthcare systems leveraged for managing data are centralized that pose potential risks of single point of failures in case of natural disasters. Blockchain is an emerging and disruptive decentralized technology that has the potential to significantly revolutionize, reshape, and transform the way data are being handled in healthcare industries. In this paper, we discuss how leveraging blockchain for healthcare data management systems can lead to stimulate innovations and bring major improvements. We present the key blockchain features and characteristics. We discuss the premier advantages of adopting blockchain technology along with opportunities for healthcare industries. We present recent on-going projects and case studies to show the practicality of blockchain technology for various healthcare applications. We identify and discuss important open research challenges hindering the successful adoption of blockchain in the healthcare sector. Finally, we outline several future research directions.

Blockchain for healthcare data management: opportunities, challenges, and future recommendations

Blockchain technology has gained considerable attention, with an escalating interest in a plethora of numerous applications, ranging from data management, financial services, cyber security, IoT, and food science to healthcare industry and brain research. There has been a remarkable interest witnessed in utilizing applications of blockchain for the delivery of safe and secure healthcare data management. Also, blockchain is reforming the traditional healthcare practices to a more reliable means, in terms of effective diagnosis and treatment through safe and secure data sharing. In the future, blockchain could be a technology that may potentially help in personalized, authentic, and secure healthcare by merging the entire real-time clinical data of a patient’s health and presenting it in an up-to-date secure healthcare setup. In this paper, we review both the existing and latest developments in the field of healthcare by implementing blockchain as a model. We also discuss the applications of blockchain, along with the challenges faced and future perspectives.

Applications of Blockchain Technology in Medicine and Healthcare: Challenges and Future Perspectives

Blockchain in healthcare: A systematic literature review, synthesizing framework and future research agenda

To improve the accuracy of diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment, a framework of parallel healthcare systems (PHSs) based on the artificial systems + computational experiments + parallel execution (ACP) approach is proposed in this paper PHS uses artificial healthcare systems to model and represent patients’ conditions, diagnosis, and treatment process, then applies computational experiments to analyze and evaluate various therapeutic regimens, and implements parallel execution for decision-making support and real-time optimization in both actual and artificial healthcare processes In addition, we combine the emerging blockchain technology with PHS, via constructing a consortium blockchain linking patients, hospitals, health bureaus, and healthcare communities for comprehensive healthcare data sharing, medical records review, and care auditability Finally, a prototype named parallel gout diagnosis and treatment system is built and deployed to verify and demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the blockchain-powered PHS framework

Blockchain-Powered Parallel Healthcare Systems Based on the ACP Approach

In order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment on chronic diseases, a parallel medical diagnostic and treatment system for chronic diseases is proposed in this paper. The system consists of the artificial system, computational experiments and parallel execution. Generally, the actual medical system includes real doctors, real patients, and the process of real doctors diagnosing and creating a treatment plan. Based on the components in actual medical system, the virtual doctors and virtual patients are created in artificial system. The computational experiments are to exhaustively explore and evaluate reasonable diagnoses and treatment options, so that the most accurate diagnosis and the best treatment plan are configured. The parallel execution between the artificial and the actual system includes the interaction between virtual doctors and real doctors as well as that between the virtual patients and actual patients. The parallel execution, on the doctors’ end, is to ensure the precise diagnosis of diseases and the effectiveness of the treatment plan. On the other hand, the parallel execution, on the patients’ end, is to provide patients with more personal guidance on following the treatment and to assist sending feedback to the system regarding the treatment effectiveness. As the chronic diseases generally require a long-term treatment, this parallel system can better accommodate the process by continuously monitoring the treatment and sending feedback to the model so as to actively optimize the treatment plan.

A Parallel Medical Diagnostic and Treatment System for Chronic Diseases

The invention discloses a Soft-Voting-based gout disease staging prediction system, which comprises a data acquisition unit, a data preprocessing unit, a sample equalization unit, a feature selectionunit, a model construction and optimization unit, a model evaluation unit, a model application unit and a model updating unit. The sample equalization unit is used for solving the problem of data imbalance among different types of samples. The feature selection unit is used for carrying out feature selection, representing the morbidity condition of a patient and training a machine learning model.The model construction and optimization unit is used for combining and optimizing different models in the Soft-Voting mode, and improving the prediction accuracy. The model evaluation unit is used forevaluating the accuracy of the Soft-Voting method on a test set. The model application unit is used for applying the model to an actual scene to realize the staging prediction of the gout. The modelupdating unit is used for periodically acquiring data and realizing periodic updating of the model. According to the method, a large amount of gout patient data is utilized to train the model. The case data and the inspection result of the patient are utilized to the maximum extent. The gout and the stages of the patient can be accurately diagnosed. A reliable diagnosis result is provided for thegout patient.

Soft-Voting-based gout disease staging prediction system

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Blockchain-Powered Parallel Healthcare Systems Based on the ACP Approach

A Parallel Medical Diagnostic and Treatment System for Chronic Diseases

Soft-Voting-based gout disease staging prediction system