Laser ignition has been widely studied, and is regarded as a potential initiation technique in pyrotechnics owing to its simple ignition sequence, good safety, high ignition consistency, and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability. One of the most important requirements for the practical application of laser ignition is the reduction of ignition energy, which requires both good light absorption and good photothermal properties of energetic materials or additives in energetic materials. Therefore, in this review, the recent progress of different photothermal materials and their laser-induced performances have been summarized. First, an overview of optical ignition, especially laser ignition, including the main categories, mechanisms, advantages, and applications, was introduced. Then, different photothermal materials, including carbon-based materials, composite materials, explosives, and gaseous mixtures, were summarized, and their photothermal performances were listed and compared. Finally, the strategies and challenges of designing photothermal materials with optimized performance were discussed, which can provide suggestions for the choice of photothermal energetic materials and can provide primary guidance for the design and fabrication of the same for laser ignition applications.

Review on the laser-induced performance of photothermal materials for ignition application

Construction of ultra-sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates based on 3D graphene oxide aerogels

The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE), as an exotic analogy to the spin Hall effect in electronics, is induced by the spin-orbit interaction of light and manifests itself as a spin-related splitting of left- and right-handed circularly polarized beams. Recently, the PSHE has been revealed and explored in a wide range of fields such as optical interfaces, metasurfaces/metamaterials, near-field optics, topological and disordered systems, as well as non-Hermitian photonics. Significantly, the PSHE provides the unique spin degrees of freedom to flexibly control light, which has enabled tremendous applications in precise metrology, spin-based nanophotonic devices, and mathematical operations, to name only a few. Also, new methods to manipulate and enhance this effect have been actively pursued. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the key aspects in the PSHE, especially the underlying physics, new techniques of manipulations, and emerging applications. Our review can not only help new researchers of this field in a timely manner but also inspire more efforts in making and engineering PSHE-based devices in coming years. 

Photonic spin Hall effect: Physics, manipulations, and applications

Study on laser ignition characteristics of graphene Oxide/Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine composite films

ZIF-67/Ti3C2 MXene intercalated membrane with enhanced physical/chemical coupling light-to-heat conversion for laser ignition

Freestanding graphene oxide-polytetrafluoroethylene membranes with excellent photothermic performance for laser ignition

The quantized photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in the strained graphene-substrate system is predicted under a sub-Tesla external magnetic field, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than required to produce the quantized effect in the conventional graphene-substrate system. It is found that in-plane and transverse spin-dependent splittings in the PSHE, exhibit different quantized behaviors and are closely related to the reflection coefficients. Unlike the quantized PSHE in the conventional graphene-substrate system formed by the splitting of real Landau levels, the quantized PSHE in the strained graphene-substrate system is attributed to the splitting of pseudo-Landau levels caused by the pseudo-magnetic field and the lifting of valley degeneracy of the n ≠ 0 pseudo-Landau levels induced by the sub-Tesla external magnetic field. At the same time, the pseudo-Brewster angles of the system are also quantized with the change of Fermi energy. The sub-Tesla external magnetic field and the PSHE appear as quantized peak values near these angles. The giant quantized PSHE is expected to be used for direct optical measurements of the quantized conductivities and pseudo-Landau levels in the monolayer strained graphene.

Theory of quantized photonic spin Hall effect in strained graphene under a sub-Tesla external magnetic field.

Design of a graphene-based core–shell structure for the improvement of photothermic performance

Graphene-based materials have been extensively investigated as light converters for photothermal therapy, energy harvesting, and laser ignition owing to their good light absorption and high thermal conductivity. Further, the energy output of pure graphene materials as laser converters is relatively low. In this paper, we reported the introduction of ammonium nitrate (AN) into graphene oxide (GO) for the preparation of free-standing, graphene-based membranes using anti-solvent method and vacuum filtration. They showed good light absorption and energy output, leading to excellent photothermal performance owing to the synergistic reaction between GO and AN. The existence of AN was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. The influence of GO and NH4NO3 on the photothermal performance of the composite membranes was entirely investigated by ultraviolet, thermal gravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The heat release and the maximum heat release rate of the G20N5 film were 1030 ​J·g−1 and 8.9 ​J·g−1s−1, respectively, which were much higher than those of the pure GO. The flame produced by the laser irradiation was captured by a high-speed camera. The prepared G20N5 film showed the best performance among all the samples. Compared with pure GO (approximately 300 ​°C at 0.7 ​W), the temperature of the G20N5 composite film was dramatically increased (approximately 450 ​°C at 0.7 ​W) under the same power of the pulse laser irradiation, which is important for the potential application of optical ignition with low initiating energy.

Fabrication of GO/NH4NO3 composite films by vacuum filtration as laser converter for enhanced photothermal performance

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