Cecidological and taxonomic investigations of members of the aphid tribe Nipponaphidini (Aphididae: Hormaphidinae) are proceeding very slowly owing to the rarity of galls and difficulty in distinguishing morphologies. We describe here two new Nipponaphidini species that induce galls on the primary host, Distylium racemosum Siebold & Zucc. (Isu tree, Hamamelidaceae), from Taiwan. One is designated Monzenia minuta sp. n. which induces a closed spherical gall on twigs of D. racemosum . The other one is designated as a new genus, Tripartita gen. n., and new species, formosana sp. n. which can induce open, spindle-like galls on leaves of D. racemosum and also on leaves of Distyliopsis dunnii (J.H.Hemsl.) Endress (Hamamelidaceae). This is the first report of the same hormaphidine aphid species inducing galls on two distinct primary hosts. Here we provide morphological diagnoses and cecidological information for both new species.

/pdf/a-new-genus-and-two-new-species-of-galling-aphids-hemiptera-3o28suey08.pdf

A new genus and two new species of galling aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Distylium (Hamamelidaceae) in Taiwan

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cla.12024

A total‐evidence phylogenetic analysis of Hormaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), with comments on the evolution of galls

The histological study of galls may provide information on the evolution of the organisms that induce them. The walls of two aphid-induced galls on leaves of Ulmus minor were therefore studied histologically: a globose gall induced by Tetraneura ulmi and a pseudogall induced by Eriosoma ulmi. Galls are regarded as extended phenotypes of aphids, and therefore, they can be used as tools for phylogenetic studies. The walls of the galls induced by T. ulmi are not reminiscent of the ungalled leaf structure of U. minor in any area, showing both cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Galls induced by E. ulmi resemble the leaf structure of U. minor in certain aspects, but in most aspects they do not, showing only cellular hypertrophy. Processes of growth and differentiation are observed in both galls. Based on the findings of this study and other recent publications, we propose to categorize the galls induced by aphids into four types: (1) pseudogalls; (2) closed galls with a “door”; (3) closed galls determined by active processes of growth and differentiation of the lamina of the leaf; and (4) closed galls determined by active processes of growth and differentiation of the midvein.

Histological study of galls induced by aphids on leaves of Ulmus minor: Tetraneura ulmi induces globose galls and Eriosoma ulmi induces pseudogalls

Aphids harbor primary endosymbionts, Buchnera aphidicola, in specialized cells within their body cavities. Aphids and Buchnera have strict mutualistic relationships in nutrition exchange. This ancient association has received much attention from researchers who are interested in endosymbiotic evolution. Previous studies have found parallel phylogenetic relationships between non-galling aphids and Buchnera at lower taxonomic levels (genus, species). To understand whether relatively isolated habitats such as galls have effect on the parallel relationships between aphids and Buchnera, the present paper investigated the phylogenetic relationships of gall aphids from Pemphigus and allied genera, which induce pseudo-galls or galls on Populus spp. (poplar) and Buchnera. The molecular phylogenies inferred from three aphid genes (COI, COII and EF-1α) and two Buchnera genes (gnd, 16S rRNA gene) indicated significant congruence between aphids and Buchnera at generic as well as interspecific levels. Interestingly, both aphid and Buchnera phylogenies supported three main clades corresponding to the galling locations of aphids, namely leaf, the joint of leaf blade and petiole, and branch of the host plant. The results suggest phylogenetic conservatism of gall characters, which indicates gall characters are more strongly affected by aphid phylogeny, rather than host plants.

Evolutionary relationships of Pemphigus and allied genera (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae) and their primary endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola.

The articles provides updated checklist of Indian aphids (Aphididae: Hemiptera) belonging to the subfamily Eriosomatinae and their food plants Out of 470 valid species of world Eriosomatinae assigned to 53 genera, in India only 64 species assigned to 19 genera were recorded so far, out of which 22 species are endemic Some of them are pestiferous These aphids feed on 130 valid plant species belonging to 30 plant families Tetraneura (Tetraneurella) nigriabdominalis was observed highly polyphagous infesting 64 plant species followed by Geoica lucifuga (22 plant species), Tetraneura (Tetraneura) radicicola (17 plant species), Tetraneura (Indotetraneura) basui (13 plant species), and Forda orientalis (12 plant species) The most preferred plants for these aphids belong to family Poaceae (76 plant species), followed by family Rosaceae (17 species), Saliaceae (9 species), Anacardiaceae (6 species) and Asteraceae (6 species) The host plant of Ceratopemphigella delhiensis is still not known as it was only light trapped

https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue1/PartM/5-1-120-500.pdf

Updated check-list of Indian Eriosomatinae (Aphidinae: Aphididae: Hemiptera) and their food plants

Gall formation is an interesting plant response to aphid feeding. This paper presents a review of galling aphids in China. Altogether, 157 species and subspecies in ten families and subfamilies are found to induce galls on their host plants. As many as 39% species are endemic to China. The Eriosomatinae include the highest percentage of gall-inducing species. The great diversity of gall morphology may be described in terms of five characteristics: type, site, size, shape, and structure. The host association and host specificity of galling aphids are also discussed.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2012/621934.pdf

Galling Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) in China: Diversity and Host Specificity

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Galling Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) in China: Diversity and Host Specificity