Increasing numbers of DNA structures are being revealed using biophysical, spectroscopic and genomic methods. The diversity of transition metal complexes is also growing, as the unique contributions that transition metals bring to the overall structure of metal complexes depend on the various coordination numbers, geometries, physiologically relevant redox potentials, as well as kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics. The vast range of ligands that can be utilised must also be considered. Given this diversity, a variety of biological interactions is not unexpected. Specifically, interactions with negatively-charged DNA can arise due to covalent/coordinate or subtle non-coordinate interactions such as electrostatic attraction, groove binding and intercalation as well as combinations of all of these modes. The potential of metal complexes as therapeutic agents is but one aspect of their utility. Complexes, both new and old, are currently being utilised in conjunction with spectroscopic and biological techniques to probe the interactions of DNA and its many structural forms. Here we present a review of metal complex-DNA interactions in which several binding modes and DNA structural forms are explored.

Metal complex interactions with DNA

The electrochemical oxidation of an antibacterial drug, gatifl oxacin (GTF), at multi-walled carbon nanotube paste electrode was studied employing cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry methods. The effect of scan rate, pH, different electrolytes, pulse amplitude and accumulation time on electrochemical behavior of GTF were investigated. GTF shows a well-defi ned oxidation peak at + 1.05 V in acetate buffer of pH 5.0 ± 0.01. Under optimized conditions, the peak current is linear over the concentration range 2.13 × 10 -5 ‐1.7 × 10 -4 m with detection limit of 4.5 × 10 -9 m . The applicability of the proposed method is further extended to in vitro determination of the drug in biological fl uids. Differential pulse voltammetry and UV-VIS absorption techniques were employed to probe the interaction between GTF and calf thymus DNA. The addition of ds-DNA to the analyte containing GTF results in a decrease of the peak current and a positive shift of the peak potential of GTF in differential pulse voltammetry analysis, indicating the dominance of the intercalating interaction. The spectroscopic data also confi rm the interaction between GTF and ds-DNA. The combining constant ( β ) and combining number (m) of GTF-mDNA were also determined.

Electrochemical behavior of gatifloxacin at multi-walled carbon nanotube paste electrode and its interaction with DNA

Electrochemical oxidation of biological molecules at carbon paste electrodes pre-treated in guanine solutions

Voltammetric interaction of vitamin B1 with DNA at multiwalled carbon nanotube paste electrode

The chemically modified electrode (CME) which was constructed by covalently attaching Erythromycin (ERM) to a glassy carbon (GC) surface was investigated in Tris-HCl buffer (pH=6.0) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). In the potential range -0.5 to +0.4V, CME yields a pair of stable redox waves. It is the carbonyl group of the ERM molecule immobilized on the GC surface that behaves as a two-electron redox process involving one proton. The interaction of CME with DNA was also studied by DPV. The CME shows the same interaction with DNA as that in the solution. And the interactive model between ERM and DNA was proved by fluorescence in aqueous solutions.

Voltammetry of the Erythromycin-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Interaction With Dna

The binding mode of Co(en) (en = ethylenediamine) to calf thymus DNA is investigated using electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. Binding constant value (K = 1.284 × 103 L/mol) is found to be the same by the two methods. Both isomers show the same CV behavior associated with binding to B-form DNA. CD spectra results show no enantoselectivety for both isomers binding to DNA. All of this evidence suggests that the Co(en) complex binds to DNA by an electrostatic mode. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lab Robotics and Automation 11: 193–196, 1999

Binding mode of Co(en) 3+3 with calf thymus DNA

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Voltammetry of the Erythromycin-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Interaction With Dna

Binding mode of Co(en) 3+3 with calf thymus DNA