Enhanced visible light activity on direct contact Z-scheme g-C3N4-TiO2 photocatalyst

The presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), flame retardants (FRs), pesticides, and artificial sweeteners (ASWs) in the aquatic environments remains a major challenge to the environment and human health. In this review, the classification and occurrence of emerging contaminants in aquatic environments were discussed in detail. It is well documented that CECs are susceptible to poor removal during the conventional wastewater treatment plants, which introduce them back to the environment ranging from nanogram per liter (e.g., carbamazepine) up to milligram per liter (e.g., acesulfame) concentration level. Meanwhile, a deep insight into the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on mitigation of the CECs from aquatic environment was presented. In this regard, the utilization of various treatment technologies based on AOPs including ozonation, Fenton processes, sonochemical, and TiO2 heterogeneous photocatalysis was reviewed. Additionally, some innovations (e.g., visible light heterogeneous photocatalysis, electro-Fenton) concerning the AOPs and the combined utilization of AOPs (e.g., sono-Fenton) were documented.

Contaminants of emerging concern: a review of new approach in AOP technologies

A large variety of reduced titanium dioxide (TiO2-x) materials have been reported recently Reduced TiO2, usually resulting from the removal of oxygen atoms or hydrogen incorporation, is proved to be efficient for achieving highly photocatalytic performance including photodegradation of organic compounds, hydrogen generation from water splitting, CO2 reduction for CH4 evolution, solar cells, etc To further improve the properties and activities of TiO2-x, a combination of the Ti3+ self-doping and other traditional modifications like nonmetals doping has been proposed in the past decades This paper provides a general and critical review on the further modifications on reduced TiO2 samples, including non-metal elements (N, B, S, F and I) doping, noble-metal (Au, Pt, Pd and Ag) and iron-group metal (Fe, Co and Ni) grafting, metal oxide compositing, carbon (nanotubes and graphene) and carbon-based-material compositing, special facets exposure (mainly dual {001}-{101} and {111}-{110} facets) of TiO2-x and ordered structure controlling of TiO2-x These modifications enhance the physical and/or chemical properties of the reduced TiO2, or create new features for the modified TiO2-x samples, which finally leads to the enhancement of photocatalytic performance Key examples such as N-doping, Au grafting and graphene-based compositing are discussed carefully, and the mechanisms for solar light enhancement, electron transfer and charge separation are also investigated Finally, some challenging issues on TiO2-x catalysts are also proposed to encourage new approaches for preparation of TiO2-x catalysts with efficiently photocatalytic performance

Modifications on reduced titanium dioxide photocatalysts: A review

Z-scheme g-C3N4-TiO2 heterojunctions containing g-C3N4 nanosheets with different thickness were prepared by sintering the mixture of g-C3N4 and nanotube titanic acid (denoted as NTA) at different temperatures in air. As-prepared Z-scheme g-C3N4-TiO2 heterojunctions were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible light diffuse reflectance spectrometry, electron spin resonance, and photoluminescence spectrometry. Findings indicate that the annealing temperature has crucial effects on the visible-light photocatalytic activity (λ ≥ 420 nm) of the as-prepared Z-scheme g-C3N4-TiO2 heterojunctions. The Ti3+ and porous g-C3N4 nanosheets formed upon the calcination at 600 °C as well as the low concentration of bulk single-electron trapped oxygen vacancy are favorable to the transport of the photoexcited charge carriers. This, in association with the Z-scheme system, contributes to improving the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4-TiO2 photocatalysts. As a result, g-C3N4-TiO2 photocatalyst prepared at 600 °C exhibits good photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of propylene and hydrogen generation by water-splitting under visible light irradiation.

Effect of the calcination temperature on the visible light photocatalytic activity of direct contact Z-scheme g-C3N4-TiO2 heterojunction

Crystalline Intramolecular Ternary Carbon Nitride Homojunction for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Nanotubular titanic acid (denoted as NTA) was calcined in air to generate TiO2 containing a large amount of single-electron-trapped oxygen vacancy (abridged as SETOV and denoted as V0 ) Resultant V0 self-modified (or self-doped) TiO2 (denoted as V0 –TiO2), visible light responsive but photocatalytically inactive under visible-light irradiation, was grafted with Fe(III) nanoclusters via an impregnation method to afford Fe(III)–V0 –TiO2 possessing visible-light phtocatalytic activity The photocatalytic performance of as-prepared Fe(III)–V0 –TiO2 photocatalysts was evaluated and compared with that of N-doped TiO2, and the experimental results were further discussed based on density functional theory calculations Results reveal that grafting Fe(III) leads to nearly no changes in the crystalline structure as well as morphology and grain size of V0 –TiO2 but results in good visible-light photocatalytic performance for the photodegradation of gaseous propylene under visible-light irradiation This is because the grafted Fe(III) nanoclusters act as efficient electron trapping centers to significantly enhance the electron transfer from oxygen vacancy state and the conduction band of TiO2 to the adsorbed oxygen, thereby inducing the rapid separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes Besides, the photocatalytic activity of Fe(III)–V0 –TiO2 photocatalysts is dependent on the dosage of grafted Fe(III), and it is critical to maintain a good matching between the energy level of V0 and surface-grafted Fe(III) cocatalyst so as to facilitate fast and efficient charge transfer Thanks to the good availability, low cost, and nontoxicity, Fe as the cocatalyst could find promising applications in the development of high-performance photocatalysts

Endowing single-electron-trapped oxygen vacancy self-modified titanium dioxide with visible-light photocatalytic activity by grafting Fe(III) nanocluster

Boosting the ionic transport and structural stability of Zn-doped O3-type NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 cathode material for half/full sodium-ion batteries

Preparation of Bi-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and their visible light photocatalytic performance

Hexagonal molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) with a similar structure to Pt as a cocatalyst has been extensively researched in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, owing to its limited hydrogen-evolution...

In-situ sulfuration synthesis of heterostructure MoS2-Mo2C@C for boosting photocatalytic H2-production activity of TiO2

Enhanced Structural and Cycling Stability of O3-Type NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 Cathode by Al Replacement of Mn Studied in Half Cell/Full Sodium-ion Batteries

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